Spelt is sometimes considered a subspecies of the closely related species common wheat ( T. aestivum ), in which case its botanical name is considered to be Triticum aestivum subsp.

Spelt as Fátima, the name is also common amongst Spaniards and especially Portuguese due to historical Arabic cultural influence, as well as their cultural descendants in the Americas.

Spelt is sometimes considered a subspecies of the closely related species common wheat ( T. aestivum ), in which case its botanical name is considered to be Triticum aestivum subsp.

Spelt, without and with husk s

Spelt is also sold in the form of a coarse pale bread, similar in colour and in texture to light rye breads but with a slightly sweet and nutty flavour.

Spelt flour was also removed from soups, as bread had been introduced into the Roman diet by the Greeks, and Rome had opened their first commercial " fornaio ", or bakery, in 171 B. C and puls became a meal largely for the poor.

* Spelt flour is a flour produced from the type of wheat called spelt.

Spelt was an important staple in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times ; it now survives as a relict crop in Central Europe and northern Spain and has found a new market as a health food.

Spelt as futnet instead of footnet, it acquired a more international character as opposed to a purely English spelling.

An example of this is the ' Spelt Project '.

Tolkāppiyam is the earliest Tamil grammar ; it has been dated variously between 1st CE and 10th CE.

Eleazar Kalir ( a Hebrew Galilean poet variously dated from the 6th to 10th century ) mentions a locality clearly in the Nazareth region bearing the name Nazareth נצרת ( in this case vocalized " Nitzrat "), which was home to the descendants of the 18th Kohen family Happitzetz ( הפצץ ), for at least several centuries after the Bar Kochva revolt.

The Old Turkic script ( also known as variously Göktürk script, Orkhon script, Orkhon-Yenisey script ) is the alphabet used by the Göktürk and other early Turkic Khanates during the 8th to 10th centuries to record the Old Turkic language.

The ancient work on the grammar of the Tamil language, Tolkappiyam, dated variously between 1st and 10th centuries CE, classifies words in Tamil as

Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, 10th Baronet FRS ( 13 November 1806 – 6 April 1881 ) was an English palaeontologist and Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons variously between 1830 and 1881.

Identification of the Eastern with the Western Mushki is uncertain, but it is of course possible to assume a migration of at least part of the Eastern Mushki to Cilicia in the course of the 10th to 8th centuries, and this possibility has been repeatedly suggested, variously identifying the Mushki as speakers of a Georgian, Armenian or Anatolian idiom.

Assyria was also sometimes known as Subartu, and after its fall, from 605 BC through to the late seventh century AD variously as Athura, Syria ( Greek ), Assyria ( Latin ) and Assuristan.

18th and early 19th century writers transcribed the name of these instruments variously as " bangie ", " banza ", " banjer " and " banjar ".

The earliest surviving fragments from codices come from Egypt and are variously dated ( always tentatively ) towards the end of the 1st century or in the first half of the 2nd.

The modern sense of the term first appears sometime around the 12th century ; its popularity spread in the medieval period along with the terms isle, ylle, inis, eilean, oileán There is some confusion on what the term crannog originally referred to, the structure atop the island or the island itself The additional meanings of crannog can be variously related as " structure / piece of wood ; wooden pin ; crow's nest ; pulpit ; driver's box on a coach and vessel / box / chest " for crannóg.

20th century transitions to liberal democracy have come in successive " waves of democracy ," variously resulting from wars, revolutions, decolonization, religious and economic circumstances.

Since the end of the previous century Battlespace domination has been an open and variously reported policy of the U. S. Department of defense and U. S. Administrations stated and restated in various Quadrennial Reports, force posture statements, etc.

An example of a complete composition is the Seikilos epitaph, which has been variously dated between the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD.

The process of its formation probably took several hundred years, from the 8th century to the 6th, and its authors have been variously identified as prophetic circles ( because the concerns of Deuteronomy mirror those of the prophets, especially Hosea ), Levitical priestly circles ( because it stresses the role of the Levites ), and wisdom and scribal circles ( because it esteems wisdom, and because the treaty-form in which it is written would be best known to scribes ).

The Heruli ( spelled variously in Latin and Greek ) were an East Germanic tribe who migrated from Scandinavia to the Black sea in the third century.

In early and middle 20th century telephone exchanges this task was done by a supervisory relay set known variously as Junctor Circuit or District Junctor.

* Early 19th century: Modern Persian translations of the text are made, variously under the title Alf leile va leile, Hezār-o yek šab (), or, in distorted Arabic, Alf al-leil.

The name " Carillon " has variously been attributed to the name of a former French officer, Philippe de Carrion du Fresnoy, who established a trading post at the site in the late 17th century, or ( more commonly ) to the sounds made by the La Chute River, which were said to resemble the chiming bells of a carillon.

In the 8th century, a famous epigram attributed to the Venerable Bede celebrated the symbolic significance of the statue in a prophecy that is variously quoted: Quamdiu stat Colisæus, stat et Roma ; quando cadet colisæus, cadet et Roma ; quando cadet Roma, cadet et mundus (" as long as the Colossus stands, so shall Rome ; when the Colossus falls, Rome shall fall ; when Rome falls, so falls the world ").

After Harald's death, the unity of the kingdom was not preserved, and for the next century, the kingdom was variously ruled, wholly or in part, by descendants of King Harald or by earls under the suzerainty of Denmark.

He is probably the most famous of the ancient High Kings, and may have been an authentic historical figure, although many legends have attached themselves to him, and his reign is variously dated as early as the 2nd century and as late as the 4th.

The Carolingian dynasty ( known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings ) was a Frankish noble family with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD.

It was variously rebuilt from the sixteenth century on, and was heavily damaged in 1944 by Allied bombs.

In the 17th century a chief known as the Petit Brak or Little King ruled over a region known variously as Biffeche or Gangueul with capital at Maka.

The area was variously called Lakeland, Lakeville, New Village, Ronkonkoma or West Middle Island until it settled on the name Lake Grove in mid-19th century, after the groves of trees near Lake Ronkonkoma.

The village name has been variously spelled as Ramelle or Redmelle ( 11th century ), Redmelde ( 12th century ), Radmelde ( 13th century ) and Radmill ( 18th century ).

Crannogs have been variously interpreted as free-standing wooden structures, as at Loch Tay, although more commonly they exist as brush, stone or timber mounds which can be revetted with timber piles.

While the heavens were variously described as being like an umbrella covering the earth ( the Kai Tian theory ), or like a sphere surrounding it ( the Hun Tian theory ), or as being without substance while the heavenly bodies float freely ( the Hsüan yeh theory ), the earth was at all times flat, although perhaps bulging up slightly.

Rockall has also been a point of interest for adventurers and amateur radio operators who variously in the past have landed on or occupied the islet for up to several months, although fewer than 20 individuals have ever been confirmed to have landed on Rockall.

The game's current equipment consists of a board which shows the rooms, corridors and secret passages of an English country house called Tudor Mansion, although previously named variously as Tudor Close or Tudor Hall, and in some editions Boddy Manor or Boddy Mansion.

A flight surgeon is a military medical officer assigned to duties in the clinical field variously known as aviation medicine, aerospace medicine, or flight medicine ( NB: although the term " flight surgery " is considered improper by purists, it may occasionally be encountered ).

Wu was a concubine of Emperor Taizong ; and, after his death she then married Taizong's successor and 9th son, Emperor Gaozong, officially becoming Gaozong's furen ( variously translated as " empress ", " wife ", or " first consort "), in 655, although having considerable political power previous to this.

Miller said later " I think I got one " and has been variously credited with shooting down from one to six Japanese planes that day, although official Navy records do not credit anyone on board the West Virginia with shooting down any aircraft that day.

In reality, although the company won several of the auctions for UK fixed wireless broadband access licences in 2004, and purchased several more in post-auction deals, its UK consumer wireless broadband service ( known variously as Netvigator, and later Now!

Both the book and film adaptation have been variously criticized for imposing a scandal on Jacqueline du Pré's personal life on insufficient grounds, although the general claim of an affair was subsequently disseminated by secondary sources.

Lachmann's Betrachtungen über Homer's Iliad, first published in the Abhandlungen of the Berlin Academy in 1837 and 1841, in which he sought to show that the Iliad consists of eighteen independent " layers " variously enlarged and interpolated, had considerable influence on 19th century Homeric scholarship, although his views are no longer accepted.

At that time the dance was known variously as Ceroc, LeRoc or French Jive, although Ceroc was the original.

Sir John's date of birth is unknown, although dubious and possibly apocryphal sources place it variously at 1360 or 1378.

The cultivated varieties are known variously as marigolds or variously as Mexican marigolds ( or cempasúchil ), African marigolds ( usually referring to cultivars and hybrids of Tagetes erecta, although this species is not native to Africa ), or French marigolds ( usually referring to hybrids and cultivars of Tagetes patula, many of which were developed in France although the species is not native to that country ).

This was not badged as an Austin on the home market ( although it was badged as such in New Zealand ), but was sometimes confused with one because for the first year of its life it was marketed ( variously ) as the Austin, Morris, and Wolseley 18 – 22 Series.

The Seaside ( original 1984 cassette release ) The first release featuring the solid sextet line up was Cardiacs ' third album, The Seaside ( although Cawthra featured throughout, variously on drums, keyboards and voice ; and Simmonds and Johnson appeared on several tracks ).

Wintering cranes have been observed foraging, variously, in family groups, pairs and singly, although all roosting is in larger groups ( up to 80 individuals ) with unrelated cranes.

Cesial is variously seen in Bob's past flashback although the show portarys him as being uncaring father to Bob.

McKagan once claimed to have been a member of 31 bands in Seattle, variously playing drums, guitar, and bass, although he admits that most of them were party bands that played together only once.

The actual function of aes signatum has been variously interpreted ; although a form of currency they were not coins since they did not adhere to a weight standard.

The traditional colouration of the Simmental has been described variously as " red and white spotted " or " gold and white ", although there is no specific standard colouration, and the dominant shade varies from a pale yellow-gold all the way to very dark red ( the latter being particularly popular in the United States ).