On the whole, Eisenhower's support of the embryonic space program was lukewarm until the Soviet launch of Sputnik.

DARPA was established during 1958 ( as ARPA ) in response to the Soviet launching of Sputnik during 1957, with the mission of keeping U. S. military technology more sophisticated than that of the nation's potential enemies.

DARPA ’ s original mission, established in 1958, was to prevent technological surprise like the launch of Sputnik, which signaled that the Soviets had beaten the U. S. into space.

Its creation was directly attributed to the launching of Sputnik and to U. S. realization that the Soviet Union had developed the capacity to rapidly exploit military technology.

The Explorer program was later reestablished to catch up with the Soviet Union after that nation's launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957.

( See: Sputnik crisis ) Explorer 1 was launched January 31, 1958.

It was the same R-7 launch vehicle that placed the first artificial satellite in space, Sputnik, on 4 October 1957.

Production started with the VAZ-21083 Sputnik 3-door hatchback ; the series was later renamed Samara.

The restyled Sputnik range was renamed Samara, but the Niva and the Oka retained their names.

Laika, a stray dog, originally named Kudryavka ( Little Curly ), underwent training with two other dogs, and was eventually chosen as the occupant of the Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2 that was launched into outer space on November 3, 1957.

A more sophisticated satellite was already under construction, but it would not be ready until December ; this satellite would later become Sputnik 3.

According to Russian sources, the official decision to launch Sputnik 2 was made on October 10 or 12, leaving the team only four weeks to design and build the spacecraft.

Sputnik 2, therefore, was something of a rush job, with most elements of the spacecraft being constructed from rough sketches.

After a lengthy development process of roughly 20 years, it was finally decided that testing of the Istrebitel Sputnik be canceled.

* 1961 – Sputnik 9 successfully launches, carrying a human dummy nicknamed Ivan Ivanovich, and demonstrating that Soviet Union was ready to begin human spaceflight.

Each phase was preempted by larger social issues, such as the escalation of the Cold War, the launch of Sputnik, and public concern over medical abuses.

The world's first artificial satellite, the Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.

The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, and initiating the Soviet Sputnik program, with Sergei Korolev as chief designer ( there is a crater on the lunar far side which bears his name ).

Sputnik 2 was launched on November 3, 1957 and carried the first living passenger into orbit, a dog named Laika.

The early era of space exploration was driven by a " Space Race " between the Soviet Union and the United States, the launch of the first man-made object to orbit the Earth, the USSR's Sputnik 1, on 4 October 1957, and the first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 craft on 20 July 1969 are often taken as the boundaries for this initial period.

Sputnik 1 (, " Satellite-1 ", ПС-1 ( PS-1, i. e. " Простейший Спутник-1 ", or Elementary Satellite-1 )) was the first artificial Earth satellite.

Sputnik was also scientifically valuable.

Sputnik 1 was launched during the International Geophysical Year from Site No. 1 / 5, at the 5th Tyuratam range, in Kazakh SSR ( now at the Baikonur Cosmodrome ).

When the Soviets launched Sputnik in 1957 he had to play catchup in the space race.

) Additional inspiration for GPS came when the Soviet Union launched the first man-made satellite, Sputnik in 1957.

After the success of Sputnik 1, Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet leader, wanted a spacecraft launched on November 7, 1957, the 40th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution.

On 4 October 1957 the Soviet Union had launched the first artificial satellite Sputnik 1 and ignited the Space Race, a part of the Cold War.

When the first scientific satellites were launched in the first half of 1958 — Explorers 1 and 3 by the US, Sputnik 3 by the Soviet Union — they observed an intense ( and unexpected ) radiation belt around Earth, held by its magnetic field.

In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, thus starting the Space Age.

In 1946, American theoretical astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer was the first to conceive the idea of a telescope in outer space, a decade before the Soviet Union launched the first satellite, Sputnik.

The first orbiting space probe, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.

Clockwise, from left: United Nations soldiers during the Korean War, which was the first UN authorized conflict ; Two atomic explosions from the RDS-37 and Operation Upshot-Knothole | Upshot-Knothole ( Soviet and American, respectively ) nuclear weapons, symbolizing the escalation of Cold War tensions between the two nations in the 1950s ; Israeli troops prepare to fight the Egypt ians during the Suez Crisis of 1956 ; A replica of Sputnik I, the world's first satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957 ; Fidel Castro leads the Cuban Revolution in 1959 ; North Sea flood of 1953

A surprise came in 1957 ; a satellite named Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviets.

* May 15 – The satellite Sputnik 4 is launched into orbit by the Soviet Union.

* January 4 – Sputnik 1 ( launched on October 4, 1957 ) falls to Earth from its orbit and burns up.

Sputnik 1 was launched during the International Geophysical Year from Site No. 1 / 5, at the 5th Tyuratam range, in Kazakh SSR ( now at the Baikonur Cosmodrome ).

The first artificial satellite was the Soviet Sputnik 1, launched on October 4, 1957 and equipped with an onboard radio-transmitter that worked on two frequencies: 20. 005 and 40. 002 MHz.

In October 1957, the Russians launched Sputnik.

** Sputnik 1, the first man-made satellite to be launched into orbit

The name was chosen in an internal contest in 1957, the year of Sputnik, the first artificial satellite.

While motivated by the increase in the number of students attending college and a growing national sense that U. S. scientists were falling behind scientists in the Soviet Union, it was arguably catalyzed by early Soviet success in the Space Race, notably the launch of the first-ever satellite, Sputnik, the year before.

The mission followed the first two Earth satellites the previous year, the Soviet Union's Sputnik 1 and 2, beginning the Cold War Space Race between the two nations.

A year later, when he was twelve years old, Morrison formed his first band, a skiffle group, " The Sputniks ", named after the recently launched Soviet satellite, Sputnik 1.

Less than a year after the Sputnik launch, Congress passed the National Defense Education Act ( NDEA ).

This book was originally published a year after the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik.

A year later they were picked up by Festival Mushroom's newly launched development label Sputnik, releasing the Kid Indestructible EP.

The same year witnessed the birth of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ), created in the wake of the Soviet Union's launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik.

Woolley's protestations came just one year prior to the launch of Sputnik, five years before launch of the Apollo Program, and thirteen years before the first landing on the moon.

During his second year of medical school, he co-founded the Space Generation Foundation to promote projects and programs that would help the Space Generation ( all those born since the flight of Sputnik ) get off the planet.

During 1956, Bondarenko was sent to Armavir Higher Air Force Pilots School, graduating in 1957 — the same year Sputnik was launched.

The year 1958 sent a new shock wave throughout the world when the Soviet Union orbited the Sputnik satellite.

This was the same year that the Russians launched the first Sputnik.