At the 20th Party Congress Khrushchev, in his speech " On the Personality Cult and its Consequences ", stated that Stalin, the Stalinist cult of personality and Stalinist repression had deformed true Leninist legality.

After Stalin declared that he was going to " solve the Baltic problem ", by June 1940, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were merged into the Soviet Union, after repressions and actions therein brought about the deaths of over 160, 000 citizens of these states.

Stalin issued Order No. 227, directing that commanders permitting retreat without permission to be subject to a military tribunal, and soldiers guilty of disciplinary procedures to be forced into " penal battalions ", which were sent to the most dangerous sections of the front lines.

In addition to reparations, Stalin pushed for " war booty ", which would permit the Soviet Union to directly seize property from conquered nations without quantitative or qualitative limitation, and a clause was added permitting this to occur with some limitations.

Regardless of whether a plot to deport Jews was planned, in his " Secret Speech " in 1956, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev stated that the Doctors Plot was " fabricated ... set up by Stalin ", that Stalin told the judge to beat confessions from the defendants and had told Politburo members " You are blind like young kittens.

Khrushchev wrote in his ( unreliable ) memoirs that Beria had, immediately after the stroke, gone about " spewing hatred against and mocking him ", and then, when Stalin showed signs of consciousness, dropped to his knees and kissed his hand.

In his " Secret Speech ", On the Personality Cult and its Consequences, delivered to a closed session of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev denounced Stalin for his cult of personality, and his regime for " violation of Leninist norms of legality ".

" Stalin Through Seventeenth-Century Eyes ", Journal of European Studies, Vol.

* Ludo Martens, " The kulak: The first wave of collectivization ", Another View of Stalin, 1995

* Gustavo, a potato chip-shaped character whose long moustaches, named " Democracy " and " Stalin ", can be moved individually like arms

After Messing predicted " tanks emblazoned with the Red Star racing down Berlin's Unter den Linden boulevard ", Stalin decided to put Messing's abilities under scrutiny.

Until the 1936 Soviet Constitution officially declared the Party "... the vanguard of the working people ", thus legitimizing Stalin's leadership, Stalin ruled the USSR as the de facto dictator.

In December 1929, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin gave a famous speech praising " practice " above " theory ", elevating the political bosses above the scientists and technical specialists.

Bukharin himself speaks of his " peculiar duality of mind " in his last plea, which led to " semi-paralysis of the will " and Hegelian " unhappy consciousness ", which presumably stemmed from the conflict between his knowledge of the reality of Stalinist rule and the threat of fascism, which led Bukharin and others to follow Stalin, who had become the personification of the Party.

Before his death in 1924, Lenin, while describing Trotsky as " distinguished not only by his exceptional abilities – personally he is, to be sure, the most able man in the present Central Committee ", and also maintaining that " his non-Bolshevik past should not be held against him ", criticized him for " showing excessive preoccupation with the purely administrative side of the work ", and also requested that Stalin be removed from his position of General Secretary, but his notes remained suppressed until 1956.

Before the Tripartite Dinner Meeting of November 29, 1943 at the Tehran Conference, Churchill presented Stalin with a specially commissioned ceremonial sword ( the " Sword of Stalingrad ", made in Sheffield ) commemorating the victory in the battle of Stalingrad, as a gift from King George VI to the citizens of Stalingrad and the people of the Soviet Union.

According to Hua-yu Li, writing in Mao and the Economic Stalinization of China, 1948-1953 in 1953, Mao, misled by glowing reports in History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( Bolshevik ): Short Course, authorized by Stalin of social and economic progress in the Soviet Union, abandoned the liberal economic programs of " New Democracy " and instituted the " general line for socialist transition ", a program to build socialism based on Soviet models.

In addition, Stalin stated regarding history that " because the Russians had greatly sinned against Poland ", " the Soviet government was those sins.

Later, many Americans considered the agreements of the Yalta Conference to be a " sellout ", encouraging Soviet expansion of influence to Japan and Asia, and because Stalin eventually violated the agreements in forming the Soviet bloc.

Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, who viewed the Soviet Union as a " socialist island ", stated that the Soviet Union must see that " the present capitalist encirclement is replaced by a socialist encirclement.

In addition to reparations, Stalin pushed for " war booty ", which would permit the Soviet Union to directly seize property from conquered nations without quantitative or qualitative limitation.

With the death of Stalin in early March 1953, Russian support for a Chinese hard-line weakened and China decided to compromise on the prisoner issue.

Russian Bolshevik Joseph Stalin visited the meeting, demanding that the Finnish socialists carry out revolution, and tried to push the Social Democrats forward by promising independence to Finland.

Among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the Russian Revolution in 1917, Stalin held the position of General Secretary of the party's Central Committee from 1922 until his death.

Modern views of Stalin in the Russian Federation and the world remain mixed, with some viewing him as a tyrant and mass murderer, others as a capable and necessary leader for the time.

The Russian Orthodox Church Synod's recognition of the Soviet government and of Stalin personally led to a schism with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.

At the end of May 1945, Stalin proposed a victory toast to the Soviet people, and to the virtues of the Russian majority in particular:

However, in 2003, a joint group of Russian and American historians announced their view that Stalin had ingested flavorless warfarin, a powerful rat poison that inhibits coagulation of the blood and which predisposes the victim to hemorrhagic stroke ( cerebral hemorrhage ).

Fewer than a third of all Russians regarded Stalin as a " murderous tyrant "; however, a Russian court in 2009, ruling on a suit by Stalin's grandson, Yevgeny Dzhugashvili, against the newspaper, Novaya Gazeta, ruled that referring to Stalin as a " bloodthirsty cannibal " was not libel.

In a July 2007 poll 54 % of the Russian youth agreed that Stalin did more good than bad while 46 % ( of them ) disagreed that Stalin was a " cruel tyrant ".

Stalin preferred Georgian wine over Russian vodka, but usually ate traditional Russian food.

Believing that Hitler needed Russian neutrality in order to defeat Britain, Stalin prepared a strong set of initial demands, which Hitler had no intention of accepting.

They are simply its possessors, its beneficiaries, and have to bequeath it in an improved state to succeeding generations .” Following the Russian Revolution, environmental scientists such as revolutionary Aleksandr Bogdanov and the Proletkul't organisation made efforts to incorporate environmentalism into Bolshevism, and " integrate production with natural laws and limits " in the first decade of Soviet rule, before Joseph Stalin attacked ecologists and the science of ecology, purged environmentalists and promoted the pseudo-science of Trofim Lysenko.

After Lenin ’ s death ( 21 January 1924 ), Trotsky ideologically battled the influence of Stalin, who formed ruling blocs within the Russian Communist Party ( with Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev, then with Nikolai Bukharin, and then by himself ) and so determined soviet government policy from 1924 onwards.

The Trotskyist demands countered Stalin ’ s political dominance of the Russian Communist Party, which was officially characterised by the ‘ cult of Lenin ’, the rejection of permanent revolution, and the doctrine of Socialism in One Country.

The Russian Revolution From Lenin to Stalin: 1917 – 1929, 1979

< u > Russian and the West, under Lenin and Stalin </ u >, NY Mentor Books, 1961 pp 318, 319 </ ref > Stalin's invasions were, however ( as the intent to accomplish these was not communicated to the Germans beforehand ), a severe irritant to Berlin and prompted concern that Stalin was seeking to form an anti-German bloc .< ref > Cartier, Raymond.

Art and culture became strictly regulated under the principles of Socialist Realism, and Russian traditions that Stalin admired were allowed to continue.

Although Bukharin had not challenged Stalin since 1929, his former supporters, including Martemyan Ryutin, drafted and clandestinely circulated an anti-Stalin platform, which called Stalin the “ evil genius of the Russian Revolution ”.

Russian historian Yury Zhukov stated that Nikolai Bukarin's portraits of Joseph Stalin were the only ones drawn from the original, not from a photograph.

( 1997 ) Anna Akhmatova: The Stalin Years Journal article by Roberta Reeder ; New England Review, Vol.

In Dialectical Economics: An Introduction to Marxist Political Economy, a book published in 1975 by D. C. Heath and Company under the pen name Lyn Marcus, LaRouche tried to show that numerous Marxists – ranging from the Monthly Review group to Ernest Mandel, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Fidel Castro and the " Soviet economists " – had failed to correctly understand and interpret Marx's writing.

* Review of Another View of Stalin at The Marxist-Leninist.

He was also a gossip, and the reason why George Orwell attacked Lewis as a Stalinist in Partisan Review: Lewis had joked with Roy Campbell ( another gossip ) about writing a book on Stalin, Campbell had mentioned this to Porteus, and Porteus told this to Orwell as factual.