The major variations are considered to be Standard Lingala, Spoken Lingala, Kinshasa Lingala and Brazzaville Lingala.

Standard Lingala is historically associated with the work of the Catholic Church and missionaries.

Standard Lingala is largely used in formal functions.

The American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII ) was developed under the auspices of a committee of the American Standards Association, called the X3 committee, by its X3. 2 ( later X3L2 ) subcommittee, and later by that subcommittee's X3. 2. 4 working group.

Interestingly, the London Confession of 1689 was later used by Calvinistic Baptists in America ( called the Philadelphia Baptist Confession ), whereas the Standard Confession of 1660 was used by the American heirs of the English General Baptists, who soon came to be known as Free Will Baptists.

These sets were expanded in 1963 to 7 bits of coding, called the American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII ) as the Federal Information Processing Standard which replaced the incompatible teleprinter codes in use by different branches of the U. S. government.

This interesting numerical observation is called the gauge coupling unification, and it works particularly well if one assumes the existence of superpartners of the Standard Model particles.

In the United Kingdom, this is known as British Summer Time ( BST ); in the Republic of Ireland it is called Irish Standard Time ( IST )— officially changing to GMT in winter.

* Standard gomoku requires a row of exactly five stones for a win: rows of six or more, called overlines, do not count.

Although Standard German does not have aspects, many Upper German languages, all West Central German languages, and some more vernacular German languages do make one aspectual distinction, and so do the colloquial languages of many regions, the so called German regiolects.

IDEA is a minor revision of an earlier cipher, Proposed Encryption Standard ( PES ); IDEA was originally called Improved PES ( IPES ).

The second field is called the Standard Identifier and is set to CD001 for a CD-ROM compliant to the ISO 9660 standard.

For instance, Mahatma Gandhi's satyagraha struggle for Indian independence is called a " jihad " in Modern Standard Arabic ( as well as many other dialects of Arabic ); the terminology is also applied to the fight for women's liberation .< ref >

Many of the loughs in Northern England have also previously been called " meres " ( a Northern English dialect word for " lake " and an archaic Standard English word meaning " a lake that is broad in relation to its depth ") such as the Black Lough in Northumberland.

In everyday English, " Mandarin " refers to Standard Chinese, which is often called simply " Chinese ".

The major dialects of Marathi are called Standard Marathi and Warhadi Marathi.

During a period ( the 1970s and 80s ) when nativist Transformational Generative Grammar was becoming dominant in Linguistics, and called " Standard Theory ", linguists who questioned these tenets were disenfranchised and Cognitive Linguistics and Computational Psycholinguistics were born and the more general term Emergentism developed for the anti-nativist view that language is emergent from more fundamental cognitive processes that are not specifically linguistic in nature.

The current set of fundamental fields and their dynamics are summarized in a theory called the Standard Model, therefore particle physics is largely the study of the Standard Model's particle content and its possible extensions.

: Standard Southern British ( where ' Standard ' should not be taken as implying a value judgment of ' correctness ') is the modern equivalent of what has been called ' Received Pronunciation ' (' RP ').

The Standard Days Method is promoted in conjunction with a product called CycleBeads, a ring of colored beads which are meant to help the user keep track of her fertile and non-fertile days.

# It is propagated by carrier particles that have significant masses ( particles called gauge bosons ), an unusual feature which is explained in the Standard Model by the Higgs mechanism.

In 1865, John Pratt, of Centre, Alabama, built a machine called the Pterotype which appeared in an 1867 Scientific American article A modern description of the examination procedure is laid out in ASTM Standard E2494-08 ( Standard Guide for Examination of Typewritten Items ).

Today, Saturday is officially called Samstag in all German-speaking countries, but there it has two names in modern Standard German.

HFS is also referred to as Mac OS Standard ( or, erroneously, " HFS Standard "), while its successor, HFS Plus, is also called Mac OS Extended ( or, erroneously, " HFS Extended ").

The Imperial Eagle Standard was captured by the French.

In the last couple of decades, many parents in the region have demanded and obtained French education for their children, but this would be Standard French education and does not represent a continuation of the old dialect per se.

The large flags shown in the corners are the Flag_of_the_United_States # Historical_progression_of_designs | 37-star flag of the United States ( flown 1867-1877 ), the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom, the Russian Imperial Standard, and the Flag of France | French tricolore with inset French Imperial Eagle | Imperial Eagle.

That is the reason why his name is Rollon in Standard French.

In its early stages of development, the clerks who used Chancery Standard would have been familiar with French and Latin, which must have influenced the forms they chose.

By the mid-15th century, Chancery Standard was used for most official purposes except by the Church ( which used Latin ) and for some legal purposes ( for which Law French and some Latin were used ).

Formal Quebec French uses essentially the same orthography and grammar as Standard French, with few exceptions, and exhibits moderate lexical differences.

An oft-cited turning point was the 1977 declaration of the Association québécoise des professeurs de français defining thus the language to be taught in classrooms: " Standard Quebec French français standard d ' ici, literally, " the Standard French of here " is the socially favored variety of French which the majority of Francophone Quebecers tend to use in situations of formal communication.

However, there are still many who contend that the " Standard French " taught in French Immersion classes at Pierre Part Elementary School is the best chance that local Cajuns have at preserving their language and culture, since there is no written standard for teaching the Cajun dialect of the French language.

Today's Standard Italian is influenced by German, French, Arabic, Greek, and Spanish, while the dialect of Anagni and the others of central Italy ( south of Rome, west of the Apennines, and north of Campania ) are relatively considered solely Latin and pre-Italic, due to the limited settlement of foreign people in the area.

Many languages, including all living Germanic languages, French, Welsh and some Berber and Arabic dialects, have gone through a process known as Jespersen's cycle, where an original negative particle is replaced by another, passing through an intermediate stage employing two particles ( e. g. Old French jeo ne dis → Modern Standard French je ne dis pas → Modern Colloquial French je dis pas " I don't say ").

The same is true if you have itemized your deductions and later decide you should have used the Standard Deduction or Tax Table.

The American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII, ;) is a character-encoding scheme originally based on the English alphabet.

Austrian German (), or Austrian Standard German, is the national standard variety of the German language spoken in Austria and in the autonomous Province of South Tyrol ( Italy ).

As German is a pluricentric language, Austrian German is merely one among several varieties of Standard German.

With German being a pluricentric language, Austrian dialects should not be confused with the variety of Standard German spoken by most Austrians, which is distinct from that of Germany or Switzerland.

As a result, Standard German is replacing it in government and administrative texts.

The Advanced Encryption Standard ( AES ) is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST ) in 2002.

A RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 anti-ballistic missile is launched from USS Shiloh ( CG-67 ) | USS Shiloh, a US Navy Ticonderoga class cruiser | Ticonderoga-class cruiser.

ASCII art is a graphic design technique that uses computers for presentation and consists of pictures pieced together from the 95 printable ( from a total of 128 ) characters defined by the ASCII Standard from 1963 and ASCII compliant character sets with proprietary extended characters ( beyond the 128 characters of standard 7-bit ASCII

* 1882 – The Standard Oil of New Jersey is established.

Received Pronunciation ( RP ) refers to a way of pronouncing Standard English that is actually used by about two percent of the UK population.

The deal is said to be worth £ 80 million over four years, replacing United's deal with AIG as the most lucrative shirt deal in history at the time, but it was later equalled when Standard Chartered Bank agreed a deal with Liverpool FC to pay £ 20 million a year over the same period.

Standard addition can be applied to most analytical techniques and is used instead of a calibration curve to solve the matrix effect problem.

The symbol for bit, as a unit of information, is either simply " bit " ( recommended by the ISO / IEC standard 80000-13 ( 2008 )) or lowercase " b " ( recommended by the IEEE 1541 Standard ( 2002 )).

The group is usually divided into two sub-groups: Western Baltic, containing only extinct languages, and Eastern Baltic, containing both extinct and the two living languages in the group: Lithuanian ( including both Standard Lithuanian and Samogitian ) and Latvian ( including both literary Latvian and Latgalian ).

Within the prevailing Standard Model of particle physics, the number of baryons may change in multiples of three due to the action of sphalerons, although this is rare and has not been observed under experiment.

It is the Technical Committees that, formally, approve a British Standard, which is then presented to the Secretary of the supervisory Sector Board for endorsement of the fact that the Technical Committee has indeed completed a task for which it was constituted.

The standards produced are titled British Standard XXXX: YYYY where XXXX is the number of the standard, P is the number of the part of the standard ( where the standard is split into multiple parts ) and YYYY is the year in which the standard came into effect.

This latter translation is preferred by the New Revised Standard Version.

This is a list of International Standard Book Numbers ( ISBNs ) for the Government edition of The World Factbook.