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Stereoisomers are isomeric molecules that have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms ( constitution ), but that differ only in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space .< ref > Columbia Encyclopedia.
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Stereoisomers and are
* Stereoisomers of an anaesthetic drug have very different anaesthetic potency whereas their oil / gas partition coefficients are similar
Stereoisomers that represent mirror images of each other are termed enantiomers or optical isomers ( for example, the isomers of R -(+)- and S -(-)- etomidate ).
Stereoisomers and have
Stereoisomers, a particular type of isomers, may have very similar physico-chemical properties and at the same time different biochemical activities.
Stereoisomers and same
" Stereoisomers " in Encyclopedia. com, n. l., 2005, Link, December 7 < sup > th </ sup > 2005 .</ ref > This contrasts with structural isomers, which share the same molecular formula, but the bond connections and / or their order differ ( s ) between different atoms / groups.
are and isomeric
They are usually less stable than isomeric conjugated dienes.
They are not observed due to strong but not absolute suppression, by spin-parity selection rules ( for beta decays and isomeric transitions ) or by the thickness of the potential barrier ( for alpha and cluster decays and spontaneous fission ).
In the rotational isomeric state model the allowed torsion angles are determined by the positions of the minima in the rotational potential energy.
The four most common modes of radioactive decay are: alpha decay, beta decay, inverse beta decay ( considered as both positron emission and electron capture ), and isomeric transition.
Phthalate esters are the dialkyl or alkyl aryl esters of phthalic acid ( also called 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, not be confused with the structurally isomeric terephthalic or isophthalic acids ); the name phthalate derives from phthalic acid, which itself is derived from word " naphthalene ".
Thionoesters are isomeric with thioesters.
* Aesculin ( C < sub > 21 </ sub > H < sub > 24 </ sub > O < sub > 13 </ sub >), occurring in horse-chestnut and California buckeye, and daphnin, occurring in Daphne alpina, are isomeric ; the former hydrolyses to glucose and aesculetin ( C < sub > 9 </ sub > H < sub > 6 </ sub > O < sub > 4 </ sub > — 6, 7-dihydroxycoumarin ), the latter to glucose and daphnetin ( 7, 8-dihydroxycoumarin ).
Today, there are even more isomeric forms available.
There are two different structurally isomeric types of thiocarbamate:
A group of isomeric compounds with similar properties are the diazirines, where the carbon and two nitrogens are linked as a ring.
Prototropic tautomers are sets of isomeric protonation states with the same empirical formula and total charge.
There are two isomeric linear pentanones:
TMAs, also known as trimethoxyamphetamines, are a family of isomeric psychedelic hallucinogenic drugs.
are and molecules
Although the fatty protein molecules, carried in the blood and partly composed of cholesterol, are water soluble, cholesterol itself is insoluble, and cannot be destroyed by the body.
Explains Keys: As the fatty protein molecules travel in the bloodstream, they are deposited in the intima, or inner wall of a coronary artery.
In pure water the majority of molecules exist as H < sub > 2 </ sub > O, but a small number of molecules are constantly dissociating and re-associating.
Although the neutral ground-state chemical compounds of argon are presently limited to HArF, argon can form clathrates with water when atoms of it are trapped in a lattice of the water molecules.
The coordinate systems chosen for atomic orbitals are usually spherical coordinates ( r, θ, φ ) in atoms and cartesians ( x, y, z ) in poly-atomic molecules.
There are typically three mathematical forms for the radial functions R ( r ) which can be chosen as a starting point for the calculation of the properties of atoms and molecules with many electrons.
Although hydrogen-like orbitals are still used as pedagogical tools, the advent of computers has made STOs preferable for atoms and diatomic molecules since combinations of STOs can replace the nodes in hydrogen-like atomic orbital.
Gaussians are typically used in molecules with three or more atoms.
Amino acids (,, or ) are biologically important molecules made from amine (- NH < sub > 2 </ sub >) and carboxylic acid (- COOH ) functional groups, along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid.
Many antibacterial compounds are relatively small molecules with a molecular weight of less than 2000 atomic mass units.
Bacteriocins are peptides that can be more readily engineered than small molecules, and are possible alternatives to conventional antibacterial compounds.
The fragments are then presented on the cell surface in the complex with MHC class I molecules.
Tumor antigens or neoantigens are those antigens that are presented by MHC I or MHC II molecules on the surface of tumor cells.
In this approach, integrated and miniaturized analytical systems are being developed to control and analyze single cells and single molecules.
* Vaporization ( transfer to the gaseous phase ) – the solid particles are converted into gaseous molecules ;
* Atomization – the molecules are dissociated into free atoms ;
In reality, gases are composed of molecules which collide with one another and solid objects.
Further information can be gained by staining slices of brain tissue with a variety of chemicals that bring out areas where specific types of molecules are present in high concentrations.
Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules — although increasingly processes rather than individual molecules are the main focus.
Among the vast number of different biomolecules, many are complex and large molecules ( called biopolymers ), which are composed of similar repeating subunits ( called monomers ).
are and have
If it were not for an old professor who made me read the classics I would have been stymied on what to do, and now I understand why they are classics ; ;
When I show up he will know you are a good wife to have told him about it ''.
And both in their objectives of non-discrimination and of social progress they have had ranged against them the Southerners who are called Bourbons.
But in our case -- and neither my wife nor I have extreme views on integration, nor are we given to emotional outbursts -- the situation has ruined one or two valued friendships and come close to wrecking several more.
Or else the North really believes that all Southerners except a few quaint old characters have come around to realizing the errors of their past, and are now at heart sharers of the American Dream, like everybody else.
and I have heard many say that they are content to earn a half or a third as much as they could up North because they so much prefer the quieter habits of their home town.
Of greater importance, however, is the content of those programs, which have had and are having enormous consequences for the American people.
I have just asked these questions in the Pentagon, in the White House, in offices of key scientists across the country and aboard the submarines that prowl for months underwater, with neat rows of green launch tubes which contain Polaris missiles and which are affectionately known as `` Sherwood Forest ''.
The experts are thus forced to hypothesize sequences of events that have never occurred, probably never will -- but possibly might.
Only one rule prevailed in my conversations with these men: The more highly placed they are -- that is, the more they know -- the more concerned they have become.
They are huge areas which have been swept by winds for so many centuries that there is no soil left, but only deep bare ridges fifty or sixty yards apart with ravines between them thirty or forty feet deep and the only thing that moves is a scuttling layer of sand.
The one apparent connection between the two is a score of buildings which somehow or other have survived and which naturally enough are called `` historical monuments ''.
Willard Thorp, in his new book, American Writing In The Twentieth Century, observes, quite validly it seems: `` Certain subjects are conspicuously absent or have been only lightly touched.
But, since they have rejected both narrative and emotional continuity, how are they to unify the impressive array of materials at their disposal??
They are in general those fears that once seemed to have been amenable to prayer or ritual.
In fact, although we have dispelled the fear, we have not necessarily assured ourselves that there are no dangers.
We have staved off a war and, since our behavior has involved all these elements, we can only keep adding to our ritual without daring to abandon any part of it, since we have not the slightest notion which parts are effective.
We are forced, in our behavior towards others, to adopt empirically successful patterns in toto because we have such a minimal understanding of their essential elements.
I have chosen to use the word `` mimesis '' in its Christian rather than its classic implications and to discover in the concrete forms of both art and myth powers of theological expression which, as in the Christian mind, are the direct consequence of involvement in historical experience, which are not reserved, as in the Greek mind, only to moments of theoretical reflection.
Our most elemental and unavoidable impressions, he says, are those of being involved in a large arena of powers which have a longer past than our own, which are interrelated in a vast movement through the present toward the future.
They are presumed to have plunged to a common grave in this fatal embrace.
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