John of Worcester also claims that at Wulfstan's consecration, Stigand, the archbishop of Canterbury extracted a promise from Ealdred that neither he nor his successors would lay claim to any jurisdiction over the diocese of Worcester.

Archbishop Stigand submitted to William there, and when the duke moved on to Berkhamsted soon afterwards, Edgar the Ætheling, Morcar, Edwin and Archbishop Ealdred also submitted.

His brother Æthelmær, also a cleric, later succeeded Stigand as bishop of Elmham.

The medieval chronicler William of Poitiers also claimed that Stigand in 1052 agreed that William of Normandy, the future William the Conqueror, should succeed King Edward.

York had long been held in common with Worcester, but during the period when Stigand was excommunicated, the see of York also claimed oversight over the sees of Lichfield and Dorchester.

A 12th-century life of Saint Willibrord, written at the Abbey of Echternach in what is now Luxembourg, records that " to this place also came Stigand, the eminent archbishop of the English ".

King Williams chaplain, who was also called Stigand, replaced Æthelric, as Bishop of Selsey within the week.

Lanfranc wrote a letter to Stigand instructing him not to meddle in future with the Sussex parishes belonging to the see of Canterbury and he also prohibited any of the clergy in those peculiars from attending Stigands diocesan synods.

Stigand acted as an advisor to several members of the Anglo-Saxon and Norman English royal dynasties, serving six successive kings.

The abbey was to remain outside Stigands jurisdiction and become part of the kings own chapel and as a further humiliation Stigand and his retinue were forbidden to be lodged or boarded within the grounds of the abbey on this occasion.

Because the position of Stigand, the archbishop of Canterbury, was irregular, Wulfstan sought and received consecration as a bishop from Ealdred.

Stigand's position as archbishop was canonically suspect, and as earl Harold had not allowed Stigand to consecrate one of the earl's churches, it is unlikely that Harold would have allowed Stigand to perform the much more important royal coronation.

Godwin returned from exile in 1052 with armed forces and a settlement was reached between the king and the earl, with the earl and his family being restored to their lands and the replacement of Robert of Jumièges, a Norman whom Edward had named Archbishop of Canterbury, with Stigand, the Bishop of Winchester.

One story, deriving from the Vita Edwardi, a biography of Edward, claims that Edward was attended by his wife Edith, Harold, Archbishop Stigand, and Robert FitzWimarc, and that the king named Harold as his successor.

English sources claim that Ealdred, the Archbishop of York, performed the ceremony, but Norman sources state that the coronation was performed by Stigand, who was considered a non-canonical archbishop by the papacy.

By March, William was secure enough to return to Normandy, but he took with him Stigand, Morcar, Edwin, Edgar, and Waltheof.

Her adviser, Stigand, was deprived of his bishopric of Elham in East Anglia.

When Stigand, who was acting as intermediary, conveyed the king's jest that Godwin could have his peace if he could restore Alfred and his companions alive and well, Godwin and his sons fled, going to Flanders and Ireland.

Edith was restored as queen, and Stigand, who had again acted as an intermediary between the two sides in the crisis, was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in Robert's place.

Stigand retained his existing bishopric of Winchester, and his pluralism was to be a continuing source of dispute with the pope.

Stigand was the first archbishop of Canterbury not to be a monk in almost a hundred years, and he was said to have been excommunicated by several popes because he held Canterbury and Winchester in plurality.

What is probably the coronation ceremony is attended by Stigand, whose position as Archbishop of Canterbury was controversial .< sup >( scene 31 )</ sup > Stigand is performing a liturgical function, possibly not the crowning itself.

Both the tapestry and Norman sources named Stigand, the excommunicated Archbishop of Canterbury, as the man who crowned Harold, possibly to discredit Harold's kingship ; English sources suggested that he was crowned by Ealdred, Archbishop of York and favoured by the papacy, making Harold's position as legitimate king more secure.

The new regime thus established was dominated by the most powerful surviving members of the English ruling class, Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, Ealdred, Archbishop of York, and the brothers Edwin, Earl of Mercia, and Morcar, Earl of Northumbria.

When William crossed the Thames at Wallingford he was met by Stigand, who now abandoned Edgar and submitted to the invader.

Edward's immediate successor was the Earl of Wessex, Harold Godwinson, the richest and most powerful of the English aristocrats, who was elected king by the Witenagemot of England and crowned by the Archbishop of York, Ealdred, although Norman propaganda claimed the ceremony was performed by Stigand, the uncanonically elected Archbishop of Canterbury.

After his victory at Hastings, William expected to receive the submission of the surviving English leaders, but instead Edgar Atheling was proclaimed king by the Witenagemot, with the support of Earls Edwin and Morcar, Stigand, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Ealdred, the Archbishop of York.

But he declined the honour, and he was nominated to the English primacy as soon as Stigand had been canonically deposed on 15 August 1070.

Shortly after Edward the Confessor's coronation on 3 April 1043, Stigand was appointed to the see of Elmham, probably on Emma's advice.

It is not known if Stigand even petitioned the papacy for a pallium soon after his appointment.

Stigand was later accused of simony by monastic chroniclers, but all such accusations date to after 1066, and are thus suspect due to the post-Conquest desire to vilify the English Church as corrupt and backward.

The position of Stigand as head of the church in England was used to good effect by the Normans in their propaganda before, during and after the Conquest.

But after the arrival of the legates, William did nothing to protect Stigand from deposition, and the archbishop later accused the king of acting with bad faith.

In notable contrast to his successor Stigand, Robert does not figure among the important benefactors to English churches, but we know of some transfers to Jumièges of important English church treasures, the first trickle of what was to become a flood of treasure taken to Normandy after the Conquest.

When he died, the Domesday Book shows that she was the richest woman in England, and the fourth wealthiest individual, after the king, Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, and her brother Harold.

Shortly after the Norman Conquest of 1066, there was a purge of the English episcopate, Archbishop Stigand was deposed in 1070 along with four other bishops, including Æthelric II of Selsey, probably because of his association with the Archbishop.

Stigand was present at the deathbed of King Edward and at the coronation of Harold Godwinson as king of England in 1066.

Some medieval sources state that Stigand took part in the negotiations that reached a peace between the king and his earl, and the Canterbury manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle calls Stigand the king's chaplain and advisor during the negotiations.

Norman writers claimed that Stigand crowned Harold as king in January 1066.

By September, they were advancing on London, where negotiations between the king and the earl were conducted with the help of Stigand, the Bishop of Winchester.

The king had requested that Stigand go to Battle to consecrate the new abbot, however Stigand refused and insisted that the abbot elect go to Chichester for the purpose instead.

The king was insensed and compelled Stigand to go to Battle to consecrate the monk before the altar of St. Martin.