Because the position of Stigand, the archbishop of Canterbury, was irregular, Wulfstan sought and received consecration as a bishop from Ealdred.

Stigand's position as archbishop was canonically suspect, and as earl Harold had not allowed Stigand to consecrate one of the earl's churches, it is unlikely that Harold would have allowed Stigand to perform the much more important royal coronation.

Godwin returned from exile in 1052 with armed forces and a settlement was reached between the king and the earl, with the earl and his family being restored to their lands and the replacement of Robert of Jumièges, a Norman whom Edward had named Archbishop of Canterbury, with Stigand, the Bishop of Winchester.

One story, deriving from the Vita Edwardi, a biography of Edward, claims that Edward was attended by his wife Edith, Harold, Archbishop Stigand, and Robert FitzWimarc, and that the king named Harold as his successor.

English sources claim that Ealdred, the Archbishop of York, performed the ceremony, but Norman sources state that the coronation was performed by Stigand, who was considered a non-canonical archbishop by the papacy.

By March, William was secure enough to return to Normandy, but he took with him Stigand, Morcar, Edwin, Edgar, and Waltheof.

Her adviser, Stigand, was deprived of his bishopric of Elham in East Anglia.

When Stigand, who was acting as intermediary, conveyed the king's jest that Godwin could have his peace if he could restore Alfred and his companions alive and well, Godwin and his sons fled, going to Flanders and Ireland.

Edith was restored as queen, and Stigand, who had again acted as an intermediary between the two sides in the crisis, was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in Robert's place.

Stigand retained his existing bishopric of Winchester, and his pluralism was to be a continuing source of dispute with the pope.

What is probably the coronation ceremony is attended by Stigand, whose position as Archbishop of Canterbury was controversial .< sup >( scene 31 )</ sup > Stigand is performing a liturgical function, possibly not the crowning itself.

Both the tapestry and Norman sources named Stigand, the excommunicated Archbishop of Canterbury, as the man who crowned Harold, possibly to discredit Harold's kingship ; English sources suggested that he was crowned by Ealdred, Archbishop of York and favoured by the papacy, making Harold's position as legitimate king more secure.

The new regime thus established was dominated by the most powerful surviving members of the English ruling class, Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, Ealdred, Archbishop of York, and the brothers Edwin, Earl of Mercia, and Morcar, Earl of Northumbria.

When William crossed the Thames at Wallingford he was met by Stigand, who now abandoned Edgar and submitted to the invader.

Edward's immediate successor was the Earl of Wessex, Harold Godwinson, the richest and most powerful of the English aristocrats, who was elected king by the Witenagemot of England and crowned by the Archbishop of York, Ealdred, although Norman propaganda claimed the ceremony was performed by Stigand, the uncanonically elected Archbishop of Canterbury.

After his victory at Hastings, William expected to receive the submission of the surviving English leaders, but instead Edgar Atheling was proclaimed king by the Witenagemot, with the support of Earls Edwin and Morcar, Stigand, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Ealdred, the Archbishop of York.

But he declined the honour, and he was nominated to the English primacy as soon as Stigand had been canonically deposed on 15 August 1070.

Stigand first appears in the historical record in 1020 as a royal chaplain to King Cnut of England ( reigned 1016 – 1035 ).

Stigand was the first non-monk to be named to either English archbishopric since before the days of Dunstan ( archbishop from 959 to 988 ).

In notable contrast to his successor Stigand, Robert does not figure among the important benefactors to English churches, but we know of some transfers to Jumièges of important English church treasures, the first trickle of what was to become a flood of treasure taken to Normandy after the Conquest.

Stigand ( died 1087 ) was the last Bishop of Selsey, and first Bishop of Chichester.

Traditionally, the building of the cathedral has been credited to one of Stigand's successor's, Ralph de Luffa, but the architectural historian R. D. H. Gem argues it is possible that Stigand began the building of Chichester Cathedral, and Tatton-Brown goes further, by suggesting that " most of the first church was completed as far as the fourth bay in the nave by the time of Bishop Luffa ".

Stigand also managed to attract the kings displeasure, this was after the king had chosen a monk from Marmoutier Abbey in the Loire Valley, France to be the first abbot of Battle Abbey.

John of Worcester also claims that at Wulfstan's consecration, Stigand, the archbishop of Canterbury extracted a promise from Ealdred that neither he nor his successors would lay claim to any jurisdiction over the diocese of Worcester.

The tapestry labels the celebrant as " Stigant Archieps " ( Stigand the archbishop ) although by that time he had been excommunicated by the papacy who considered his appointment unlawful.

They did not depose Stigand, and even consulted with him and treated him as archbishop.

Abbots of monasteries, however, came to Stigand for consecration throughout his time as archbishop.

A 12th-century life of Saint Willibrord, written at the Abbey of Echternach in what is now Luxembourg, records that " to this place also came Stigand, the eminent archbishop of the English ".

William took Stigand with him to Normandy in 1067, although whether this was because William did not trust the archbishop, as the medieval chronicler William of Poitiers alleges, is not certain.

But after the arrival of the legates, William did nothing to protect Stigand from deposition, and the archbishop later accused the king of acting with bad faith.

Wulfstan had deliberately avoided consecration by the current archbishop of Canterbury, Stigand, since Stigand's own consecration had been uncanonical.

Æthelric was deposed by the Council of Windsor on 24 May 1070 and imprisoned at Marlborough, being replaced by Stigand ( not the same as the archbishop ), who later moved the seat of the diocese to Chichester.

* Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury

Four years later, in 1047, he was appointed to the see of Winchester and then in 1052 to the archdiocese of Canterbury, which Stigand held jointly with that of Winchester.

Five successive popes, including Nicholas II and Alexander II, excommunicated Stigand for holding both Winchester and Canterbury.

Some medieval sources state that Stigand took part in the negotiations that reached a peace between the king and his earl, and the Canterbury manuscript of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle calls Stigand the king's chaplain and advisor during the negotiations.

After his translation to Canterbury, Stigand released Elmham to his brother Æthelmær, but retained the bishopric of Winchester.

Five successive popes ( Leo IX, Victor II, Stephen IX, Nicholas II and Alexander II ) excommunicated Stigand for holding both Winchester and Canterbury at the same time.

Robert journeyed to Rome to complain to the pope about his own exile, where Leo IX and successive popes condemned Stigand, whom Edward had appointed to Canterbury.

An English example was Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury.

When he died, the Domesday Book shows that she was the richest woman in England, and the fourth wealthiest individual, after the king, Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, and her brother Harold.

He went to Rome for consecration because the current Archbishop of Canterbury was Stigand, who successive popes had excommunicated for various irregularities, and traveled in company with another bishop Walter of Lorraine, the Bishop of Hereford-elect and Tostig Godwinson.

Stigand, the Archbishop of Canterbury, was chosen to deliver the news to Godwin and his family.