Stratigraphers can then use these data to reconstruct ancient processes occurring on the surface of the Earth ,< ref > interpret past environments, and locate areas for water, coal, and hydrocarbon extraction.

in working with these patients the therapist eventually gets to do some at least private mulling over of the possible meaning of a belch, or the passage of flatus, not only because he is reduced to this for lack of anything else to analyze, but also because he learns that even these animal-like sounds constitute forms of communication in which, from time to time, quite different things are being said, long before the patient can become sufficiently aware of these, as distinct feelings and concepts, to say them in words.

The state space representation ( also known as the " time-domain approach ") provides a convenient and compact way to model and analyze systems with multiple inputs and outputs.

However, the means to retrieve and analyze data, to extract, transform and load data, and to manage the data dictionary are also considered essential components of a data warehousing system.

Software has also been written to assist with the identification of musical keys for use in harmonic mixing, which analyze computer media files for musical content and automatically determine the musical key.

Qualitative methods are also used to analyze information in a variety of media, such as students ' drawings and concept maps, video-recorded interactions, and computer log records.

ORA also includes the Agency's network of laboratories, which analyze any physical samples taken.

E. W. Gilbert's version ( 1958 ) of John Snow ( physician ) | John Snow's 1855 map of the Soho cholera outbreak showing the clusters of cholera cases in the London epidemic of 1854 While the basic elements of topography and theme existed previously in cartography, the John Snow map was unique, using cartographic methods not only to depict but also to analyze clusters of geographically dependent phenomena.

A senior surgeon in the war, Billings built two of the world's most important libraries, Library of the Surgeon General's Office ( now the National Library of Medicine and the New York Public Library ; he also figured out how to mechanically analyze data by turning it into numbers and punching onto the computer punch card as developed by his student Herman Hollerith.

Scanning probe microscopes also analyze a single point in the sample and then scan the probe over a rectangular sample region to build up an image.

Microstructural analysis finds application also in multi-scale statistical analysis, aimed to analyze some rock features showing scale invariance ( see e. g. Guerriero et al., 2009, 2011 ).

Electronic stethoscopes are also used with Computer-aided Auscultation programs to analyze the recorded heart sounds pathological or innocent heart murmurs.

The doctor may also wish to test cerebrospinal fluid pressure levels and to analyze the cerebrospinal fluid by performing a lumbar puncture.

The IS-LM Model is used to analyze the effect of demand shocks on the economy. Cyclical or Keynesian unemployment, also known as deficient-demand unemployment, occurs when there is not enough aggregate demand in the economy to provide jobs for everyone who wants to work.

Gaussian wave packets also are used to analyze water waves.

Radionuclides are also used to trace and analyze pollutants, to study the movement of surface water, and to measure water runoffs from rain and snow, as well as the flow rates of streams and rivers.

Nash equilibrium has been used to analyze hostile situations like war and arms races ( see Prisoner's dilemma ), and also how conflict may be mitigated by repeated interaction ( see Tit-for-tat ).

Formal demography limits its object of study to the measurement of populations processes, while the broader field of social demography population studies also analyze the relationships between economic, social, cultural and biological processes influencing a population.

It has also been used to determine the fundamental frequency of human speech and to analyze radar signal returns.

This technique is also widely used the field of radiometric dating, in which it is used to analyze relative abundance of different isotopes.

There are also special-purpose tools called dump analyzers to analyze dumps.

It can also be used when confounding factors are either limited or known well enough to analyze the data in light of them ( though this may be rare when social phenomena are under examination ).

Unfortunately, it is also very difficult to analyze such probes in a fully self-consistent way.

In machine learning, support vector machines ( SVMs, also support vector networks ) are supervised learning models with associated learning algorithms that analyze data and recognize patterns, used for classification and regression analysis.

Analysts focus on the military issues that may arise from political or economic events in foreign countries and also analyze foreign military capabilities, transportation systems, weapons of mass destruction ( WMDs ), terrorism, and missile systems and contribute to National Intelligence Estimates and to the President's Daily Brief.

he is questioning, also, every epistemology which stems from Hume's presupposition that experience is merely sense data in abstraction from causal efficacy, and that causal efficacy is something intellectually imputed to the world, not directly perceived.

Since then, there has been a notable increase in the number of stations and also the accumulation of additional data and the development of new techniques for using it, leading to a better understanding of propagation phenomena.

For four of the six ( the anaconda and the amethystine python cannot be included for lack of data ) there is also a correlation between size at maturity and maximum length, the boa constrictor being the smallest and the Indian python the next in size at the former stage.

The area may also be provided with additional data during the running of the object program by means of EDMOV or move macro-instructions.

* The Afroasiatic identity of Ongota is also broadly questioned, as is its position within Afroasiatic among those who accept it, due to the " mixed " appearance of the language and a paucity of research and data.

It is also common to apply ANOVA to observational data using an appropriate statistical model.

George I. Sanchez, " Arithmetic in Maya ", Austin-Texas, 1961 found another base 5, base 4 abacus in the Yucatán that also computed calendar data.

They are also used to implement many other data structures, such as lists and strings.

The term is also used, especially in the description of algorithms, to mean associative array or " abstract array ", a theoretical computer science model ( an abstract data type or ADT ) intended to capture the essential properties of arrays.

Usually programming languages allowing n-based indexing also allow negative index values and other scalar data types like enumerations, or characters may be used as an array index.

Whenever the observer's learning process ( which may be a predictive neural network-see also Neuroesthetics ) leads to improved data compression such that the observation sequence can be described by fewer bits than before, the temporary interestingness of the data corresponds to the number of saved bits.

Wave files can also contain data encoded with a variety of ( lossy ) codecs to reduce the file size ( for example the GSM or MP3 formats ).

The term abstract data type can also be regarded as a generalised approach of a number of algebraic structures, such as lattices, groups, and rings.

AGP also uses sideband addressing, meaning that the address and data buses are separated so the entire packet does not need to be read to get addressing information.

Reduction of jitter ( and also end-to-end round-trip delays ) is particularly important when carrying voice traffic, because the conversion of digitized voice into an analogue audio signal is an inherently real-time process, and to do a good job, the decoder ( codec ) that does this needs an evenly spaced ( in time ) stream of data items.

This value also indicates the meaning of a data element for a given object ( or record ) type.

The use of 8-bit codes for digital telephony also caused 8-bit data octets to be adopted as the basic data unit of the early Internet.

The byte is also defined as a data type in certain programming languages.

It is also a branch of applied statistics working mostly on data collected as a by-product of doing business or by government agencies.

Bioinformatics also deals with algorithms, databases and information systems, web technologies, artificial intelligence and soft computing, information and computation theory, structural biology, software engineering, data mining, image processing, modeling and simulation, discrete mathematics, control and system theory, circuit theory, and statistics.

Binary trees can also be stored in breadth-first order as an implicit data structure in arrays, and if the tree is a complete binary tree, this method wastes no space.

Health-related data such as that from hospital computer systems, clinical laboratories, electronic health record systems, medical examiner record-keeping systems, 911 call center computers, and veterinary medical record systems could be of help ; researchers are also considering the utility of data generated by ranching and feedlot operations, food processors, drinking water systems, school attendance recording, and physiologic monitors, among others.