Others, such as Leo Strauss and Harvey Mansfield, have argued strongly that there is a very strong and deliberate consistency and distinctness, even arguing that this extends to all of Machiavelli's works including his comedies and letters.

Leo Strauss argued that the strong influence of Xenophon, a student of Socrates more known as an historian, rhetorician and soldier, was a major source of Socratic ideas for Machiavelli, sometimes not in line with Aristotle.

Strauss argued that Machiavelli may have seen himself as influenced by some ideas from classical materialists such as Democritus, Epicurus and Lucretius.

Strauss argued that Machiavelli may indeed have been influenced by pre-Socratic philosophers, but he felt it was a new combination :-

Leo Strauss ( in The City and Man ) locates the problem in the nature of Athenian democracy itself, about which, he argued, Thucydides had a deeply ambivalent view: on one hand, Thucydides ' own " wisdom was made possible " by the Periclean democracy, which had the effect of liberating individual daring, enterprise and questioning spirit, but this same liberation, by permitting the growth of limitless political ambition, led to imperialism and, eventually, civic strife.

Leo Strauss has argued that this work is in fact by Xenophon, whose ironic posing he believes has been utterly missed by contemporary scholarship.

Machiavelli argued, for example, that violent divisions within political communities are unavoidable, but can also be a source of strength which law-makers and leaders should account for and even encourage in some ways ( Strauss 1987 ).

Strauss argued that the city-in-speech was unnatural, precisely because " it is rendered possible by the abstraction from eros ".

In particular, Strauss argued that Plato's myth of the Philosopher king should be read as a reductio ad absurdum, and that philosophers should understand politics, not in order to influence policy but to ensure philosophy's autonomy from politics.

Additionally, Mark Lilla has argued that the attribution to Strauss of neoconservative views contradicts a careful reading of Strauss ' actual texts, in particular On Tyranny.

In an internal memo to Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal, Strauss argued, " If such a test is not made, there will be loose talk to the effect that the fleet is obsolete in the face of this new weapon and this will militate against appropriations to preserve a postwar Navy of the size now planned.

Strauss argued that Locke only distanced himself from Hobbes rhetorically, in order to make his system more publicly acceptable.

Donald Devine has argued Meyer's synthesis is a first principle or axiom that is as valid as Strauss ’ monist first principle and relates this to Hayek ’ s critical rationalism philosophical tradition and those he identifies with it such as Aristotle, Cicero, Thomas Aquinas, Montesquieu, John Locke, Adam Smith and Lord Acton.

David Strauss has argued that judicial activism can be narrowly defined as one or more of three possible actions: overturning laws as unconstitutional, overturning judicial precedent, and ruling against a preferred interpretation of the constitution.

The major difference between Machiavelli and the Socratics, according to Strauss, is Machiavelli's materialism and therefore his rejection of both a teleological view of nature, and of the view that philosophy is higher than politics.

According to Strauss the beginning of philosophy involved the " discovery or invention of nature " and the " pre-philosophical equivalent of nature " was supplied by " such notions as ' custom ' or ' ways, which appear to be really universal in all times and places.

Strauss considered one of the most important moments in the history of philosophy Socrates ' argument that philosophers could not study nature without considering their own human nature, which, in the words of Aristotle, is that of " a political animal.

Writing to Schmitt in 1932, Strauss summarised Schmitt's political theology that " because man is by nature evil, he therefore needs dominion.

For Strauss, Schmitt and his return to Thomas Hobbes helpfully clarified the nature of our political existence and our modern self-understanding.

Strauss instead advocated a return to a broader classical understanding of human nature and a tentative return to political philosophy, in the tradition of the ancient philosophers.

Strauss quotes Cicero: " The Republic does not bring to light the best possible regime but rather the nature of political things – the nature of the city.

As a philosopher, Strauss would be interested in knowing the nature of divinity, instead of trying to dispute the very being of divinity.

" Exhibiting the same independent nature in the Senate as she had in the House, Smith opposed President Eisenhower's nomination of Lewis Strauss as Secretary of Commerce in 1959.

Writing to Schmitt in 1932, Strauss summarised Schmitt's political theology thus: " ecause man is by nature evil, he therefore needs dominion.

The Christian Gospels states that Jesus has God's authoritarian power over nature, life and death, but naturalistic historians, following Strauss, generally choose either to see these stories as legend or allegory, or, for some of the miracles they follow the rationalizing method.

Yet another brief Intrada brings in the peaceful waltz 5A while the final section 5B, Strauss allows the genial nature of the piece to unfold until the coda.

True to Strauss ' pedigree for writing novelty pieces, he captured on the vogue for the word ' explosions ', of which the Viennese press frequently pressed for a waltz with such a title and nature.

Strauss took the Oeconomicus as a more ironic examination of the nature of the gentleman, virtue, and domestic relationships.

Kierkegaard was responding to Hegelian writers such as Ludwig Feuerbach and David Strauss who emphasized the objective nature of God.

Natural instruments are still played for period performances and some ceremonial functions, and are occasionally found in more modern scores, such as those by Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss.

Through this society, Evans was introduced to more liberal theologies, and writers such as David Strauss and Ludwig Feuerbach, who cast doubt on the literal veracity of Biblical stories.

In 1944 he made a now infamous list with " irreplaceable artists " called the Gottbegnadeten list with people such as Arno Breker, Richard Strauss and Johannes Heesters.

Artists such as Klimt and Cézanne, and composers such as Mahler and Richard Strauss were " the terrible moderns "— those more avant-garde were more heard of than heard.

More recently, commentators such as Leo Strauss and Harvey Mansfield have agreed that the Prince can be read as having a deliberate comical irony.

Commentators such as Leo Strauss have gone so far as to name Machiavelli as the deliberate originator of modernity itself.

Composers such as Richard Strauss, Claude Debussy, Giacomo Puccini, Paul Hindemith and Hans Pfitzner pushed Wagnerian harmony further with a more extreme use of chromaticism and greater use of dissonance.

Diaghilev commissioned ballet music from composers such as Nikolai Tcherepnin ( Narcisse et Echo, 1911 ), Claude Debussy ( Jeux, 1913 ), Maurice Ravel ( Daphnis et Chloé, 1912 ), Erik Satie ( Parade, 1917 ), Manuel de Falla ( El Sombrero de Tres Picos, 1917 ), Richard Strauss ( Josephslegende, 1914 ), Sergei Prokofiev ( Ala and Lolly, rejected by Diaghilev and turned into the Scythian Suite ; Chout, 1915 revised 1920 ; Le pas d ' acier, 1926 ; and The Prodigal Son, 1929 ), Ottorino Respighi ( La Boutique fantasque, 1918 ), Francis Poulenc ( Les biches, 1923 ) and others.

Carl Schmitt, a legal and political scholar, was also a vocal fascist supporter of both the Nazi regime and Spain's Franco ; however, he published works of political philosophy that remained studied by philosophers and political scholars with radically different views, such as Alain Badiou, Slavoj Žižek, and his contemporaries Hannah Arendt, Walter Benjamin, and Leo Strauss.

Well-known philosophers such as Karl Jaspers, Leo Strauss, Ahmad Fardid, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jean-Paul Sartre, Emmanuel Lévinas, Hannah Arendt, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Michel Foucault, Richard Rorty, William E. Connolly, and Jacques Derrida have all analyzed Heidegger's work.

The opera was profoundly influential among Western classical composers and provided inspiration to composers such as Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss, Karol Szymanowski, Alban Berg and Arnold Schoenberg.

The early modernist composers, such as Richard Strauss, Sergei Rachmaninoff and Max Reger contributed to the genre.

A world capital of music, the city played host to composers such as Brahms, Bruckner, Mahler and Richard Strauss.

A huge rectangular grey-white pillar of rock was shown from the point of view of the camera looking up from its base, and then it dramatically crumbled and collapsed to the strains of a short segment of the Richard Strauss composition Also sprach Zarathustra, usually after being activated, alerted or meddled with by a living being such as an astronaut or extraterrestrial.

The fact that as early as the 1880s composers such as Richard Strauss ( in his tone poems " Don Juan " and " Death and Transfiguration ") as well as Camille Saint-Saëns ( Symphony No. 3 " Organ ") asked string players to perform certain passages " without expression " or " without nuance " strongly suggests the general use of vibrato within the orchestra as a matter of course.

In addition to his interpretations of lieder and the works of Mozart, Prey sang in Strauss operas and tackled lighter Wagner roles such as Wolfram.

Strauss made his debut at Dommayer's in October 1844, where he performed some of his first works, such as the waltzes " Sinngedichte ", Op.

The lives of the Strauss dynasty members and their world-renowned craft of composing Viennese waltzes are also briefly documented in several television adaptations, such as The Strauss Family ( 1972 ), The Strauss Dynasty ( 1991 ) and Strauss, the King of 3 / 4 Time ( 1995 ).