Others, such as Leo Strauss and Harvey Mansfield, have argued strongly that there is a very strong and deliberate consistency and distinctness, even arguing that this extends to all of Machiavelli's works including his comedies and letters.

Leo Strauss argued that the strong influence of Xenophon, a student of Socrates more known as an historian, rhetorician and soldier, was a major source of Socratic ideas for Machiavelli, sometimes not in line with Aristotle.

Strauss argued that Machiavelli may indeed have been influenced by pre-Socratic philosophers, but he felt it was a new combination :-

Strauss argued that the unavoidable nature of such arms races, which have existed before modern times and led to the collapse of peaceful civilizations, provides us with both an explanation of what is most truly dangerous in Machiavelli's innovations, but also the way in which the aims of his apparently immoral innovation can be understood.

Leo Strauss ( in The City and Man ) locates the problem in the nature of Athenian democracy itself, about which, he argued, Thucydides had a deeply ambivalent view: on one hand, Thucydides ' own " wisdom was made possible " by the Periclean democracy, which had the effect of liberating individual daring, enterprise and questioning spirit, but this same liberation, by permitting the growth of limitless political ambition, led to imperialism and, eventually, civic strife.

Leo Strauss has argued that this work is in fact by Xenophon, whose ironic posing he believes has been utterly missed by contemporary scholarship.

Machiavelli argued, for example, that violent divisions within political communities are unavoidable, but can also be a source of strength which law-makers and leaders should account for and even encourage in some ways ( Strauss 1987 ).

Strauss argued that the city-in-speech was unnatural, precisely because " it is rendered possible by the abstraction from eros ".

In particular, Strauss argued that Plato's myth of the Philosopher king should be read as a reductio ad absurdum, and that philosophers should understand politics, not in order to influence policy but to ensure philosophy's autonomy from politics.

Additionally, Mark Lilla has argued that the attribution to Strauss of neoconservative views contradicts a careful reading of Strauss ' actual texts, in particular On Tyranny.

In an internal memo to Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal, Strauss argued, " If such a test is not made, there will be loose talk to the effect that the fleet is obsolete in the face of this new weapon and this will militate against appropriations to preserve a postwar Navy of the size now planned.

Strauss argued that Locke only distanced himself from Hobbes rhetorically, in order to make his system more publicly acceptable.

Donald Devine has argued Meyer's synthesis is a first principle or axiom that is as valid as Strauss ’ monist first principle and relates this to Hayek ’ s critical rationalism philosophical tradition and those he identifies with it such as Aristotle, Cicero, Thomas Aquinas, Montesquieu, John Locke, Adam Smith and Lord Acton.

David Strauss has argued that judicial activism can be narrowly defined as one or more of three possible actions: overturning laws as unconstitutional, overturning judicial precedent, and ruling against a preferred interpretation of the constitution.

Commentators such as Leo Strauss have gone so far as to name Machiavelli as the deliberate originator of modernity itself.

The major difference between Machiavelli and the Socratics, according to Strauss, is Machiavelli's materialism and therefore his rejection of both a teleological view of nature, and of the view that philosophy is higher than politics.

Strauss however sees this also as a sign of major innovation in Machiavelli, because classical materialists did not share the Socratic regard for political life, while Machiavelli clearly did.

Leo Strauss, an American political philosopher, declared himself more inclined toward the traditional view that Machiavelli was self-consciously a " teacher of evil ," ( even if he was not himself evil ) since he counsels the princes to avoid the values of justice, mercy, temperance, wisdom, and love of their people in preference to the use of cruelty, violence, fear, and deception.

Strauss concludes his 1958 Thoughts on Machiavelli by proposing that this promotion of progress leads directly to the modern arms race.

He estimated that these sects last from 1666 to 3000 years each time, which, as pointed out by Leo Strauss, would mean that Christianity became due to start finishing about 150 years after Machiavelli.

Xenophon's standing as a political philosopher has been defended in recent times by Leo Strauss, who devoted a considerable part of his philosophic analysis to the works of Xenophon, returning to the high judgment of Xenophon as a thinker expressed by Shaftesbury, Winckelmann, Machiavelli, and John Adams.

Xenophon also, as Strauss pointed out, wrote a dialogue, Hiero which showed a wise man dealing sympathetically with a tyrant, coming close to what Machiavelli would do in questioning the ideal of " the imagined prince ".

As a genre of political thought, parallels exist between Niebuhr's " necessary illusions " and the " noble lies " of Leo Strauss, " public relations " of Edward Bernays and " myth making " of Niccolò Machiavelli.

Machiavelli in turn influenced Francis Bacon, Marchamont Needham, Harrington, John Milton, David Hume, and many others ( Strauss 1958 ).

" The New Machiavelli: Leo Strauss and the Politics of Fear ".

* The New Machiavelli: Leo Strauss and the Politics of Fear, CBC, April 27, 2005.

To consider to what extent Eastern philosophy might have partaken of these important tensions, Strauss thought it best to consider whether dharma or tao may be equivalent to Nature ( by which we mean physis in Greek ).

Earlier, Johann Strauss I and Josef Lanner wrote polkas which are either designated as a galop ( quick tempo ) or as a regular polka which may not fall into any of the categories described above.

Strauss himself declared in 1947 with characteristic self-deprecation, " I may not be a first-rate composer, but I am a first-class second-rate composer.

Most of the Strauss works that are performed today may once have existed in a slightly different form, as Eduard Strauss destroyed much of the original Strauss orchestral archives in a furnace factory in Vienna's Mariahilf district in 1907.

Both Liszt and Richard Strauss worked in Germany, but while Liszt may have invented the symphonic poem and Strauss brought it to its highest point, overall the form was less well received there than in other countries.

The size of an opera orchestra varies, but for some operas, oratorios and other works, it may be very large ; for some romantic period works ( or for many of the operas of Richard Strauss ), it can be well over 100 players.

Feser's statement invites the suspicion that Strauss may have been an unconvinced atheist, or that he welcomed religion as merely ( practically ) useful, rather than as true.

* Strauss Seminar Transcripts-The full or partial scanned original texts for some of Strauss ' course transcripts may be found here for reading or download.

Strauss had continued to be critical of Kohl's leadership, so providing Strauss a shot at the chancellery may have been seen as an endorsement of either Strauss ' policies or style ( or both ) over Kohl's.

62 ( 1824 ) Antonin Dvořák attempted a half-hearted revival, using the instrument in his Czech Suite ( 1879 ), in which he specifies that an English horn ( cor anglais ) may be used instead, but the instrument was largely abandoned until Richard Strauss took it up once more in his operas Elektra ( 1909 ), Der Rosenkavalier, Die Frau ohne Schatten, Daphne, Die Liebe der Danae, and Capriccio, and several later works, including two wind serenades ( Happy Workshop and Invalid's Workshop ).

Robert Strauss may refer to:

Strauss may also have been referencing the single act burlesque ' Der Tritsch-tratsch ' ( with music by Adolf Müller, Sr .) by the famous Austrian dramatist and actor Johann Nepomuk Nestroy, which premiered in 1833 and was still in the stage repertoire at the same time the polka was written.

However, Strauss ' interesting title may well refer to the unpopular Vienna transport enterprise ' Phoenix ' which had promised faster and cheaper travel intending to rival the traditional Viennese ' fiaker '.

The title may be alluded to Strauss himself, as a ' carnival ambassador ' to Venice having accomplished the year's Fasching festivity commitments in Vienna.

The distribution deal may have been a determining factor in the outcome of the lawsuit, since distributed Zomba product accounted for 5. 5 % of BMG's US market share, and company CEO Strauss Zelnick was under pressure not to lose that.

Sychra wrote a large number of pieces for amateurs, including studies, folk song settings, operatic transcriptions and arrangements of Viennese waltzes by Johann Strauss, Carl Maria von Weber and Josef Lanner, an output that may explain his dismissal by Soviet-era musicologists as a mediocre composer.

Strauss may have considered the quotation and words " in memoriam " as having many meanings.