After the fall of Sophia Alekseyevna in 1689, the government of Peter the Great engaged in a process of gradual limitation of Streltsy ’ s military and political influence.

Upon the court ’ s swift and unanimous rejection of dual tsars, Sophia reached to the discouraged military troop, the Streltsy, for their aid and support.

Multiple issues, including merciless motivational tactics and lack of rest, drove the Streltsy to violently oppose the ‘ unjust ’ election of Peter.

As the fighting ceased and Peter ’ s life was left forever scarred by the blood spilt within his Naryshkin clan, the Streltsy received their initial demands.

The rebels had been successfully defending themselves until the betrayal of a monk named Feoktist, who showed Streltsy an unprotected window of the monastery ’ s White Tower.

Military service hardships, frequent salary delays, abuse on the part of local administration and commanders led to regular Streltsy's ( especially the poorest ones ) participation in anti-serfdom uprisings in the 17th and early 18th centuries, such as the peasant wars in the beginning of the 17th century and in 1670 – 1671 ( leader – Stepan Razin ), urban uprisings ( Moscow Uprising of 1682, Streltsy Uprising of 1698, Astrakhan Uprising of 1705 – 1706 ).

Prince Ivan Andreyevich Khovansky () was a Russian boyar who led the Streltsy during the Moscow Uprising of 1682, alternatively known as the Khovanshchina.

Upon Feodor III's death in April 1682, taking advantage of his popularity among the Streltsy, Khovansky helped to dismiss the Miloslavsky family from power.

The runaway Streltsy, despite their resistance, were sent back to their regiments, giving rise to discontent among the rest of them.

On 6 June, Streltsy removed their commanding officers, chose four electives from each regiment, and made their way to Moscow, getting ready to punish the boyars and foreign advisers and blaming them for all adversities.

Between September 1698 and February 1699, 1. 182 Streltsy were executed, 601 of them were whipped, branded with iron, or ( mostly the young ones ) sent into exile.

Streltsy came under the control of the Streltsy Department ( Стрелецкий приказ, or Streletsky prikaz ), however, in times of war they came under their superiors.

Streltsy had identical uniforms ( usually red, blue or green coats with yellow boots ), training and weapons ( arquebuses, muskets, poleaxes, bardiches ( used to steady their gun while firing ), sabers, and sometimes pikes ).

Streltsy and their families lived in their own neighborhoods or districts settlements and received money and bread from the State Treasury.

Even though Streltsy demonstrated their fighting efficiency on several occasions, such as the siege of Kazan in 1552, the war with Livonia, the Polish-Swedish invasion in the early 17th century and military operations in Poland and Crimea, in the second half of the 17th century Streltsy started to display their backwardness compared to the regular soldier or reiter regiments ( see Regiments of the new type ).

" The Morning of the Streltsy Execution " after their Streltsy Uprising | failed uprising in 1698 by Vasily Ivanovich Surikov ( 1848-1916 ).

He engineered the great Streltsy uprising ( May 15 to May 17, 1682 ), during which their old and unpopular leader, Prince Mikhail Dolgorukov, was murdered and Khovansky named his successor.

Through the support of the Streltsy he established a dual-reign regime, the joint rule of Ivan V and Peter I, under the regency of their sister Sophia Alekseyevna.

When the news of Khovansky's execution reached the Streltsy stationed in Moscow, they started a riot and seized the Kremlin, but the regent soon quelled the mutinous army and appointed Fyodor Shaklovity as their new leader.

SD was in charge of the Moscow and Municipal Streltsy, their lands and other property, disbursement of their salary and bread allowances, and their cases in court.

In March 1698, 175 Streltsy left their regiments and fled to Moscow to file a complaint.

In the Siege of Kazan ( 1552 ), Russia had employed cavalry, infantry armed with arquebus ( Streltsy ), artillery and sappers, while the Khanate of Kazan had only employed cavalry.

century Streltsy with musket and bardiche

Once the convent was retaken by Russian forces, the tsar supplied it with permanent guards ( 100 Streltsy in 1616, 350 soldiers in 1618 ).

Tsar Alexis sent a garrison of Streltsy to protect the fort from Cossack incursions.

The towers of the old fortress once housed the rebellious Streltsy during the reign of Peter I and later on hundreds of participants of the 1863 January Uprising in Poland.

Streltsy () were the units of Russian guardsmen ( sl.

In the late 17th century, Streltsy of Moscow began to actively participate in a struggle for power between different government groups, supporting the dissidents and showing hostility towards any foreign innovations.

Gradually, Streltsy were incorporated into the regular army.

At the same time, they started to disband the Municipal Streltsy.

Streltsy (, streltsý, literally " shooters "; sg.

Commanders of the Streltsy unit ( стрелецкие головы, or streletskiye golovy ) and colonels in charge of regiments were chiefs of prikazi.

In certain locations, Streltsy were granted strips of land instead of money.

The Streltsy settlement in Moscow was located near where the main campus of Moscow State University now stands.

At the same time, they started to disband the Municipal Streltsy.

Liquidation of most streltsy units was finally finished in the 1720s ; however, the Municipal Streltsy were kept in some cities until the late 18th century.

These attacks caused Tyumen's population to be dominated by the Streltsy and Cossack garrisons stationed in the town until the mid-17th century.

In the Streltsy Uprising in 1682 several of Tsar Peter the Great's rebellious relatives were hurled down the staircase onto the pikes of the Streltsy guard.

Following the momentum of the Streltsy rebellion, the incompetent Ivan was crowned senior tsar and Peter, of only nine years, junior tsar.

When the Old Believers joined the rebels in the fall of 1682 and demanded the reversal of Nikon's reforms, Sophia lost control of the unsteady Streltsy to her once ally, Prince Ivan Khovansky.

The AMPAS was originally conceived by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio boss Louis B. Mayer as a professional honorary organization to help improve the film industry ’ s image and help mediate labor disputes.

The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences defines psychological altruism as " a motivational state with the goal of increasing another ’ s welfare ".

Psychological altruism is contrasted with psychological egoism, which refers to the motivation to increase one ’ s own welfare.

One way is a sincere expression of Christian love, " motivated by a powerful feeling of security, strength, and inner salvation, of the invincible fullness of one ’ s own life and existence ".

Another way is merely " one of the many modern substitutes for love, ... nothing but the urge to turn away from oneself and to lose oneself in other people ’ s business.

* David Firestone-When Romney ’ s Reach Exceeds His Grasp-Mitt Romney quotes the song

" Swift extends the metaphor to get in a few jibes at England ’ s mistreatment of Ireland, noting that " For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, and flesh being of too tender a consistence, to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country, which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it.

George Wittkowsky argued that Swift ’ s main target in A Modest Proposal was not the conditions in Ireland, but rather the can-do spirit of the times that led people to devise a number of illogical schemes that would purportedly solve social and economic ills.

In response, Swift ’ s Modest Proposal was " a burlesque of projects concerning the poor ", that were in vogue during the early 18th century.

Critics differ about Swift ’ s intentions in using this faux-mathematical philosophy.

Charles K. Smith argues that Swift ’ s rhetorical style persuades the reader to detest the speaker and pity the Irish.

Swift ’ s specific strategy is twofold, using a " trap " to create sympathy for the Irish and a dislike of the narrator who, in the span of one sentence, " details vividly and with rhetorical emphasis the grinding poverty " but feels emotion solely for members of his own class.

Swift ’ s use of gripping details of poverty and his narrator ’ s cool approach towards them create " two opposing points of view " that " alienate the reader, perhaps unconsciously, from a narrator who can view with ' melancholy ' detachment a subject that Swift has directed us, rhetorically, to see in a much less detached way.

Once the children have been commodified, Swift ’ s rhetoric can easily turn " people into animals, then meat, and from meat, logically, into tonnage worth a price per pound ".

Swift uses the proposer ’ s serious tone to highlight the absurdity of his proposal.

In making his argument, the speaker uses the conventional, text book approved order of argument from Swift ’ s time ( which was derived from the Latin rhetorician Quintilian ).

James Johnson argued that A Modest Proposal was largely influenced and inspired by Tertullian ’ s Apology: a satirical attack against early Roman persecution of Christianity.

Johnson notes Swift ’ s obvious affinity for Tertullian and the bold stylistic and structural similarities between the works A Modest Proposal and Apology.

He reminds readers that " there is a gap between the narrator ’ s meaning and the text ’ s, and that a moral-political argument is being carried out by means of parody ".