Studies of stratigraphic data have suggested that the solar cycles have been active for hundreds of millions of years, if not longer ; measuring varves in precambrian sedimentary rock has revealed repeating peaks in layer thickness, with a pattern repeating approximately every eleven years.

Studies measuring the difference between income before and after taxes and government transfers, however, have found that without these programs poverty would be roughly 30 % to 40 % higher than the official poverty line indicates, despite many of their benefits not being counted as income.

Studies have shown that when measuring education and family income, there is a positive sloping curve as the skin of families gets lighter.

Studies of hypolactasia onset have demonstrated that despite polymorphisms there is little difference in lactase expression in infants, showing that the mutations become increasingly relevant during development.

Studies dispute the exact difference in suicide rate compared to heterosexuals with a minimum of 0. 8 – 1. 1 times more likely for females and 1. 5 – 2. 5 times more likely for males.

Studies have not been consistent on answering this question, with some showing that older blood is indeed less effective but with others showing no such difference ; nevertheless, as storage time remains the only available way to estimate quality status or loss, a first-in-first-out inventory management approach is standard presently.

Another way of convincing yourself of the difference between these two disciplines is to read, Studies in Ethnomethodology ( 1967 ), and try to find any reference to: a subject than experimental, consciousness, intentionality, or phenomenological methodology, etc.

Studies show that the difference in performance of the Adler-32 and Fletcher-32 checksums is so small as to be of academic interest only.

Studies have also shown a difference between the sexes on who touches when.

Studies have shown there is a difference in thickness of the lipid rafts and the surrounding membrane which results in hydrophobic mismatch at the boundary between the two phases.

Studies on whether Rhodiola improves physical performance have been inconclusive, with some studies showing some benefit, while others show no significant difference.

Aside from this, his founding statement in the first volume of Subaltern Studies set the agenda for the Subaltern Studies group, defining the " subaltern " as " the demographic difference between the total Indian population and all those whom we have described as the ‘ elite ’.

Perceptions of difference: Studies show that the culture on military bases is perceived by most current and former military brats as significantly different from civilian culture.

Studies suggest that the hotspot is only 50-100 K hotter than its surroundings, which may not be a great enough difference to drive a buoyant plume.

According to Harry Walters, an anthropologist and former chairman of the Center for Diné Studies at Diné College in, the incident demonstrates a crucial difference between Navajo and Western culture in the way visions and supernatural experiences are handled: " Rather than focus on the sightings to determine if who saw it was nuts or not – that's what a Westerner would do – we look at it as a message: ' Are we going the way we should?

* Britton, C. 1995: " Opacity and transparency: conceptions of history and cultural difference in the work of Michel Butor and Edouard Glissant ", French Studies, 49: 308-320.

Studies also show that married couples find the highest level of satisfaction in egalitarian relationships.

Studies of schizophrenia have tended to find enlarged ventricles and sometimes reduced volume of the cerebrum and hippocampus, while studies of ( psychotic ) bipolar disorder have sometimes found increased amygdala volume.

" Studies generally find that there is some free riding, but less than one would expect based on the predictions of economic theory.

When Gary Gygax could not find an established games company willing to publish Dungeons & Dragons, the new type of game he and Dave Arneson were co-developing, Gygax and Don Kaye formed Tactical Studies Rules in October 1973.

Meanwhile, the senior wizards ( made up of Archancellor Mustrum Ridcully, the Dean, the Bursar, The Chair of Indefinite Studies, the Lecturer in Recent Runes, the Senior Wrangler, and Ponder Stibbons ) of Unseen University are trying to find a cure for the Librarian's magical malady, which causes him to transform into a native object, such as a book when near a library, whenever he sneezes.

Studies show that students do find this more effective than having someone just telling them what they are doing wrong and trying to correct it.

Studies of spontaneous facial expressions are rare and find that participants ’ recognition of the expressions is lower than of the corresponding posed expressions ( Matsumoto et al., 2009 ; Naab & Russell, 2007 ).

According to Jakob Nielsen, " Studies of user behavior on the Web find a low tolerance for difficult designs or slow sites.

Studies find that patients using these drugs are 4. 2 times as likely to stay dry as those taking a placebo.

Studies were conducted to find the limits of upward acceleration that the human body could stand.

Studies find that the probability that disputes between states will be resolved peacefully is positively affected by the degree of democracy exhibited by the lesser democratic state involved in that dispute.

Studies have been performed in an attempt to find the simplest, most efficient, and most reliable way of analyzing bite marks.

Studies of planet structure were to find the thickness of the crust, study the Martian magnetic field, study of thermal flux, search for the possibility of active volcanoes, and study seismic activity.

Studies of the mountain have to date been unable to find any correspondence with pyroclastic flows, but several past mudflows have been identified.

Likewise in, Ethnomethodology's Program ( 2002 ), we again find a multiplicity of theoretical references, including the usual suspects from Studies, and introducing among others Merleau-Ponty, etc., a key theoretical statement by Emile Durkheim regarding the objectivity of social facts, and a key insight into ethomethodology's way of doing theory.

Studies of whole body screening computed tomography find abnormalities in the lungs of 14 % of patients.

Studies have shown that people find it easier to talk to each other with dogs as the initial focus, breaking down the usual social barriers that make people in our society perceive others as strangers.

Studies of meloxicam 7. 5 mg per day for 23 days find a level of gastric injury similar to that of a placebo, and for meloxicam 15 mg per day a level of injury lower than that of other NSAIDs ; however, in clinical practice meloxicam can still cause some ulcer complications.

Studies show that even after years of homelessness and delinquency and despite severe comorbidities, about half of the patients find employment within the first year of treatment .< ref >< nowiki > http :// relaunch. bundestag. de / bundestag / ausschuesse / a14 / anhoerungen / 113 / stllg / ZIS. pdf </ nowiki >

Studies comparing single mothers on and off welfare show that receiving welfare payments does not degrade a person's desire to find a job and get off of welfare.

Among its publications we find the peer-reviewed Journal of Near-Death Studies, and the quarterly newsletter Vital Signs.

Among these we find Southampton University ( U. K ), and the Division of Perceptual Studies at The University of Virginia ( US ).

Studies find it difficult to quantify specific percentages of Roman Catholic priests who identify as gay priests.

Studies have shown that the average ice thickness has decreased in recent years.

Indeed, during the seven years of his presidency, real GDP grew on average 6. 7 % a year, average income increased 11 % annually in real terms, and a consistently positive balance of the federal budget enabled the government to cut 70 % of the external debt ( according to the Institute for Complex Strategic Studies ).

Studies of the spread of STIs consistently demonstrate that a small percentage of the studied population have more partners than the average man or woman, and a smaller number of people have fewer than the statistical average.

Studies have shown that African-American males have the shortest lifespans of any group of people in the US, averaging only 69 years ( white females average the longest ).

Studies in Sweden have found that " Mongrel dogs are less prone to many diseases than the average purebred dog " and, referring to death rates, “ Mongrels were consistently in the low risk category ”.

Studies that have been done in the area of health show that mixed-breeds on average are both healthier and longer-lived than their purebred relations.

Studies have show that elderly individuals, on average, make 13. 9 visits per year to a physician.

Studies have shown that women without high school diplomas, on average, have an effective income less than that of men with comparable education levels and years of work experience .< ref > Toussaint, Johanne.

Studies have shown clonus beat frequency to range from 3-8 Hz ( Hertz ) on average, and may last a few seconds to several minutes depending on the patient ’ s condition.

Studies have established the average annual temperature to be 33 ° C ( 91. 4 ° F ).

The Faculty provides more than 500 courses on average every semester, including Economics, Statistics, Econometrics, Political Science, Public Administration, Contemporary China Studies, Sociology, Chinese, Portuguese, English, Communications, Journalism and Public Communication, Psychology, Japanese, Historical and Cultural Relations between the East and the West, etc.

A database being compiled by the Centre for Irish-Scottish Studies at Trinity College suggests that for every ten Irishmen there were on average two Englishmen and one Scot.

Studies by Wolf and Sipe from the early 1990s suggest that the percentage of priests in the Catholic Church who admitted to being gay or were in homosexual relationships was well above the national average for the United States of America.

Studies have revealed that the average yield of the variety was nearly 10 tonnes of herbage per harvest.

The state average for the MME test in 2009 was 60 % for Reading, 81 % for Social Studies, 56 % for Science, 43 % for Writing, and 49 % for Math.

Studies show that this group ( on average ) is shaped by frequent moves ( as the family follows the soldier-parent who is transferred from military base to military base, each move usually being hundreds or thousands of miles in distance ), a culture of resilience and adaptivity, constant loss of friendship ties, a facility or knack for making new friends, never having a hometown, extensive exposure to foreign cultures and languages while living overseas, as well as exposure to a wide range of regional cultural differences due to living in a variety of different American regions, a series of military bases serving as community centers, pervasive military culture on those bases, absence of a parent due to deployments, authoritarian family dynamics, strong patriarchal authority, threat of parental loss in war, stresses associated with the psychological aftermath of war ( living with war-affected returning veteran parents ) and militarization of the family unit ( children being treated to some degree like soldiers and being subjected to military regimentation, inculcation into a warrior code of honor and service, frequent exposure to patriotic ideas and symbols, experience of free medical care, and military discipline ).

Studies show that many brats become very adaptable as a result of the mobile lifestyle, But there is also a higher than average incidence, among a minority of military brats, of Avoidant Personality Disorder and Separation Anxiety Disorder.

Studies in Massachusetts, Ohio, and Washington state show that, on average, employees participating in the main form of employee ownership have considerably more in retirement assets than comparable employees in non-ESOP firms.

The average length of time for a School of Adult and Graduate Studies degree completion program is 18 to 29 months.

The school average for students meeting or exceeding standards as measured by Georgia's Criterion-Referenced Competency Tests ( CRCT ) was: Reading, 93. 7 %; English / Language Arts, 90. 5 %; Math, 80. 3 %; Science, 81. 2 %; and Social Studies, 91. 3 %.

Generally, an “ A ” or “ B ” average in English and Social Studies is expected.

" Studies have shown that an average of 4 % to 6 % of all retail purchases are returned, costing the industry about $ 40 billion per year.