Studies of membership trends, even in some areas where population is expanding, show that numbers of churches have had little net increase, though many new members were received.

Studies have found that generosity increases linearly from sad to happy affective states.

Studies have also been careful to note that feeling over-taxed by the needs of others has conversely negative effects on health and happiness.

Studies examining falls in this population show that 74-93 % of patients have fallen at least once in the past year and up to 60 % admit to fear of falling.

Studies with crickets have shown that a fear of spiders can develop before birth.

Studies of phytoplankton stocks in the southern sea have shown that the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is dominated by diatoms, while the Weddell Sea has abundant coccolithophorids and silicoflagellates.

Studies using mice have shown a similar treatment results in a permanent cure for about a third of the test subjects.

Studies have shown that numerous biological systems, such as Xenopus oocyte maturation, mammalian calcium signal transduction, and polarity in budding yeast, incorporate temporal ( slow and fast ) positive feedback loops, or more than one feedback loop that occurs at different times.

Studies have attempted to estimate a monetary loss for industries affected by piracy by predicting what portion of pirated works would have been formally purchased if they had not been freely available.

Studies have also found significant levels of toxins in fish and the waters they inhabit within the basin.

Starting in the 1980s, an expanding community of neuroscientists and psychologists have associated themselves with a field called Consciousness Studies, giving rise to a stream of experimental work published in books, journals such as Consciousness and Cognition, and methodological work published in journals such as the Journal of Consciousness Studies, along with regular conferences organized by groups such as the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness.

Studies of the neuroscience of free will have also shown that the experiences that people report when they behave purposefully sometimes do not correspond to their actual behaviors or to the patterns of electrical activity recorded from their brains.

Studies conducted by the APPA show substantial evidence that young adults who feel a sense of belonging in a community, particularly small communities, develop fewer psychiatric and depressive disorders than those who do not have the feeling of love and belonging.

Studies have shown that the amount of glycerol in cervical fluid increases during sexual excitement.

Studies have found 50-85 % of conditioned athletes have benign sinus bradycardia, as compared to 23 % of the general population studied.

Studies have demonstrated that, due to the high incidence of accidents at these sites, some such segregated schemes can actually increase the number of car-bike collisions.

Studies in the brine shrimp have examined how water affects cell functions ; these saw that a 20 % reduction in the amount of water in a cell inhibits metabolism, with metabolism decreasing progressively as the cell dries out and all metabolic activity halting when the water level reaches 70 % below normal.

Studies on raccoons in the Southeast have yielded infection rates ranging from 47 % to as low as 15. 5 %.

Studies have been conducted to isolate the genes involved in the substance's production, so that it could be obtained recombinantly.

Studies showed that dentists graduated from different countries, or even from different dental schools in one country, may have different clinical decisions for the same clinical condition.

Studies have shown that, in many environments, the rate of erosion and runoff decreases exponentially with increased vegetation cover.

Studies have also shown that the PFC is extremely involved with autonoetic consciousness ( See Tulving's theory ).

Studies of CIAT have shown that further improvement is possible even after a patient has reached a " plateau " period of recovery.

Studies have shown that while test scores have improved over time, the improvement is not fully correlated with latent factors related to intelligence.

Studies have shown hydrocodone is stronger than codeine but only one-tenth as potent as morphine at binding to receptors and reported to be only 59 % as potent as morphine in analgesic properties.

Studies of Charles Darwin's notebooks have shown that Darwin arrived separately at the idea of natural selection which he set out in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, but it has been speculated that he may have had some half-forgotten memory from his time as a student in Edinburgh of ideas of selection in nature as set out by Hutton, and by William Charles Wells and Patrick Matthew who had both been associated with the city before publishing their ideas on the topic early in the 19th century.

Studies have shown that heterosexual men and lesbians have different standards for what they consider attractive in women.

Studies by doctors have also shown in Hong Kong that the game is beneficial for individuals suffering from dementia or cognitive memory difficulties, leading to the development of mahjong therapy.

Studies examining the role of pro-and anti-apoptotic factors support this model ; for example, the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 has been shown to interact with IP3Rs to reduce Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > filling of the ER, leading to reduced efflux at the MAM and preventing collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential post-apoptotic stimuli.

Studies have shown that morphine can alter the expression of a number of genes.

Studies have shown that the average ice thickness has decreased in recent years.

Studies in 2007 have catalogued nucleosome positions in yeast and shown that nucleosomes are depleted in promoter regions and origins of replication.

Studies have shown that the abundances of these light elements are much lower than models of stellar evolution predict.

Studies of bacteria frozen in Antarctic glaciers have shown that DNA has a half-life of 1. 1 million years under such conditions, suggesting that while life may have potentially moved around within the Solar System it is unlikely that it could have arrived from an interstellar source.

Studies of production computer systems have consistently shown that a large fraction of all user-chosen passwords are readily guessed automatically.

Studies with sensory deprivation have shown that the brain is dependent on signals from the outer world to function properly.

Studies have shown that the invention and development of the railway in Europe was one of the most important technological inventions of the late 19th century for the United States, without which, GDP would have been lower by 7. 0 % in 1890.

Studies have shown that half of all patients whose treatment was delayed had complete loss of response to facial nerve stimulation.

Studies using neuropsychological tests and brain imaging technologies such as fMRI and PET to examine functional differences in brain activity have shown that differences seem to most commonly occur in the frontal lobes, hippocampus and temporal lobes.

Studies show that though many people participate in gambling as a form of recreation or even as a means to gain an income, gambling, like any behavior which involves variation in brain chemistry, can become a psychologically addictive and harmful behavior in some people.

According to Alex Dupuy, Chair of African American Studies and John E. Andrus Professor of Sociology at Wesleyan University the ability of Haiti to adequately manage the mining operations or to obtain and use funds obtained from the operations for the benefit of its people is untested and seriously questioned.

Studies mostly cite the causes of death due to starvation or as caused ( ultimately by the lack-of-food induced ) weakening of resistance to endemic diseases which repeatedly reached epidemic proportions amongst the general Central European population — the German states were the battle ground and staging areas for the largest mercenary armies theretofore, and the armies foraged amongst the many provinces stealing the food of those people forced onto the roads as refugees, or still on the lands, regardless of their faith and allegiances.

Studies of migration using bird ringing or colour marking often involve the cooperation of people and organizations in different countries.

Studies of brain metabolism using positron emission tomography ( PET ) scans indicate that people with insomnia have higher metabolic rates by night and by day.

Studies in Sweden indicate that people tend to switch from smoking to snus, rather than the other way around.

Studies suggest that only twenty percent of the people with RTT had the use of words, and most of these words were used out of context and without meaning.

Studies show that people who have a vitrectomy soon after a large hemorrhage are more likely to protect their vision than someone who waits to have the operation.

Studies of the spread of STIs consistently demonstrate that a small percentage of the studied population have more partners than the average man or woman, and a smaller number of people have fewer than the statistical average.

Studies suggested that zinc, if taken within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms, reduces the duration and severity of the common cold in healthy people.

In addition to the annual Festival, Aldeburgh Music also runs the Britten-Pears Young Artist Programme ( formerly the Britten-Pears School for Advanced Musical Studies ), Aldeburgh Residencies-a programme offering bespoke training and development opportunities to UK and international artists – Aldeburgh Young Musicians for exceptionally talented young people between the ages of 8 and 18, The Jerwood Opera Writing Programme, for the development of new opera, as well as an extensive education programme.

Studies in 2004 and 2006 showed that normal subjects exposed to images of frightened faces or faces of people from another race will show increased activity of the amygdala, even if that exposure is subliminal.

Studies have shown that people sleep more efficiently when they are sleep-deprived and that they enter REM sleep faster when this is the case.

Post-colonial studies comprehend Subaltern Studies of “ history from below ”; post-colonial manifestations of people outside the hegemony ; the psychopathology of colonization ( by Frantz Fanon ); and the cinema of film makers such as the Cuban Third Cinema, e. g. Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, and the Filipino Kidlat Tahimik.

Max Neiman, a professor at the Institute of Government Studies at University of California, Berkeley, credited Brown for " bailing out local government and school districts " but felt it was harmful " because it made it easier for people to believe that Proposition 13 wasn't harmful.

Studies have shown that people are more likely to intervene if they are the only one in the situation.

Studies on people show that the HPA axis is activated in different ways during chronic stress depending on the type of stressor, the person's response to the stressor and other factors.

Studies have shown that African-American males have the shortest lifespans of any group of people in the US, averaging only 69 years ( white females average the longest ).

Marion Nestle, a professor in the Department of Nutrition and Food Studies at New York University, judging from research relating nutritional factors to chronic disease risks and to observations of exceptionally low chronic disease rates among people eating vegetarian, Mediterranean and Asian diets, has suggested that plant-based diets may be most associated with health and longevity.

It would seem that from an early age his father had intended for politics to be Austen's future path and with this in mind he was sent first to France, where he studied at the Paris Institute of Political Studies and developed a lasting admiration for the French people and culture.

Development has gathered pace since the 1970s when the first formal courses in Film Studies and, later, Media Studies, were established as options for young people in the 14-19 age range: over 100, 000 students ( about 5 % of this age range ) now take these courses annually.

Studies show that people who forgive are happier and healthier than those who hold resentments.