Such particles are normally invisible in an optical microscope, though their presence can be confirmed with the use of an ultramicroscope or an electron microscope.

Such photons behave more like particles than lower-frequency photons do.

Such particles lie beyond the Standard Model.

Such large particles are not easily ingested into the soft tissues of the body, so extensive filters are not required.

Such group symmetries allow the reinterpretation of several known particles as different states of a single particle field.

Such stars are composed almost entirely of neutrons, which are subatomic particles without electrical charge and with slightly larger mass than protons.

Such neutrons would escape rapidly from the fuel and become a free neutron, with a mean lifetime of about 15 minutes before decaying to protons and beta particles.

Such paints cure by a process called coalescence where first the water, and then the trace, or coalescing, solvent, evaporate and draw together and soften the binder particles and fuse them together into irreversibly bound networked structures, so that the paint will not redissolve in the solvent / water that originally carried it.

Such feeble pressures are able to produce marked effects upon minute particles like gas ions and electrons, and are important in the theory of electron emission from the Sun, of cometary material, and so on ( see also: Yarkovsky effect, YORP effect, Poynting – Robertson effect ).

Such materials could also be used for targeted drug delivery since particles release contents upon exposure to specific pH levels.

Such measurements are nearly impossible in experiments with small and many particles.

Such IR observations have determined that in dense clouds ( where there are enough particles to attenuate the destructive UV radiation ) thin ice layers coat the microscopic particles, permitting some low-temperature chemistry to occur.

Such particles are called tachyons.

Such particles have integer values of spin and are named bosons, after the statistics that correctly describe their behaviour.

Such particles could circulate in the oil and grind against moving parts, causing wear.

Such particles could circulate in the oil and grind against the part surfaces causing wear.

Such energies are typically associated with ionising radiation such as X-rays or gamma particles or with other nuclear particles.

Such particles include leptons ( electron, muon, tau and their neutrinos ) and gauge bosons ( photon, W and Z bosons and gluons ); or the hypothetical graviton.

Such hydrogen nuclei are high linear energy transfer particles, and are in turn stopped by ionization of the material through which they travel.

Such problems can be intermittent as the powdered particles of tin move around.

Such a separation ( together with an appropriate gas-flow scheme ) may help reduce the negative effect, that particles released from a processed substrate may have on the plasma chemistry of the gas phase.

Such particles cannot be point-like, which avoids the formation of singularities in black holes and removes the ultraviolet divergence in quantum field theory.

Such electrons can therefore easily change from one energy state into a slightly different one.

Such colors are orders of magnitude more intense than ordinary absorptions seen in dyes and the like that involve individual electrons and their energy states.

Such a theory is known as a quantum field theory ; the quantum field theory of electrons and electromagnetic fields is known as quantum electrodynamics.

Such reactions involve the formal transfer of electrons, a net gain in electrons being a reduction and a net loss of electrons being an oxidation.

Such discrete values arise from a quantum mechanical restraint on the number of electrons that can travel through the wire at the nanometer scale.

Such experiments were performed on protons in the late 1960s using high-energy electrons at the Stanford Linear Accelerator ( SLAC ).

Such control has allowed the development of structures where the electrons can be confined in space, giving quantum wells or even quantum dots.

Such so-called seed electrons can be created by ionization by cosmic x-ray background.

Such an image intensifier has its best performance for impinging electrons with kinetic energies roughly about 1 keV.

Such unpaired electrons can function as current carriers.

Such a model is sensible because ( a ) crystal ions that actually form the lattice structure are typically on the order of tens of thousands of times more massive than electrons

Such a field would hinder ions and electrons from being lost radially, but not from being lost from the ends of the solenoid.

Such high values allow for electrons to be emitted from ta-C coated electrodes into vacuum or into other solids with application of modest levels of applied voltage.

Such corrections typically become important when a significant number of electrons reach speeds greater than 0. 86c ( Lorentz factor = 2 ).

Such forces between atoms are much weaker than the attractive electrical forces that hold the atoms themselves together ( i. e., that bind electrons to the nucleus ), and their range between atoms is shorter, because they arise from small separation of charges inside the neutral atom.

Such a hole in an inner shell may have been produced by bombardment with electrons in an X-ray tube, by other particles as in PIXE, by other X-rays in X-ray fluorescence or by radioactive decay of the atom's nucleus.

Such description uses distribution functions and for electrons and ( positive ) plasma ions.

Such electrons are more tightly bound than typical valence electrons.

Such damage is a new concern specific to EUV lithography, as conventional optical lithography systems use mainly transmissive components and electron beam lithography systems do not put any component in the way of electrons, although these electrons end up depositing energy in the exposed sample substrate.