Sufism easily gained local acceptance and became synthesized with local customs.

After receiving his khirka, Kubra gained a large following of gnostics and writers on Sufism.

There he put the teachings of his master Najmeddin Kubra into a writing in Persian called Merṣād al-ʻebād men al-mabdāʼ elāʼl-maʻād ( Persian: مرصاد العباد من المبدا الی المعاد ) which is shortly known as Merṣād al-ʻebād, and has gained prominence as a major reference text on Sufism and Islamic theology.

Sufism or () is defined by its adherents as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam.

The development of these systems, considered a " divine science " by adherents, may have been influenced by the teachings of Sufism ; like some schools of Sufism, they found esoteric meanings in the alphabet.

I was referring in my interview to a tiny minority who preach violent jihad, who incite hatred and violence against ' infidels ', apostates, Jews and homosexuals ; who in their speeches and on their websites speak passionately against free thought, pluralism, democracy, unveiled women ; who will tolerate no other interpretation of Islam but their own and have vilified Sufism and other strands of Islam as apostasy ; who have murdered, among others, fellow Muslims by the thousands in the market places of Iraq, Algeria and in the Sudan.

In the 1670s, the Kashgarian Sufi master Āfāq Khoja ( and, possibly, his father Muhammad Yūsuf even earlier ) preached among the Salars, introducing Sufism into their community.

Sufism and Islamic philosophy are among his specialities.

Sufism may have some influence in Afghanistan, in both rural and urban settings, especially among the middle classes of larger villages, town and cities.

Khiḍr is also included among what in classical Sufism are called the abdāl (‘ those who take turns ’).

The Macedonian Muslims (), also known as Muslim Macedonians or Torbeš, () ( the latter name is slightly pejorative ), and in older sources grouped together with Pomaks, are a minority religious group within the community of ethnic Macedonians who are Muslims ( primarily Sunni, although Sufism is widespread among the population ).

There Barbara showed her paintings, along with those of others, and Irving began to give public talks on Tantra, Zen, Sufism, Hinduism, Christianity, Judaism, and atheism, among many other things.

Ghazals have a classical affinity with Sufism, and a number of major Sufi religious works are written in ghazal form.

Shah came to be recognised as a spokesman for Sufism in the West and lectured as a visiting professor at a number of Western universities.

Sufism embodies a number of cultures, philosophies, central teachings and bodies of esoteric knowledge.

They further assert that Sant Mat also contains elements found in Sufism and has inspired and influenced a number of religious groups and organizations.

Sufism exists in a number of forms, most of which represent an original tarika developed by an inspired founder, or shaykh.

Although the symbolism of the number 9 is ancient, there does not appear to be any evidence for the enneagram figure before Gurdjieff in Sufism or elsewhere.

Schuon also wrote several outstanding books on Islam, including Understanding Islam, Dimensions of Islam, and Sufism: Veil and Quintessence, as well as a number of books on the Perennial Philosophy.

However, according to Idries Shah, the Sufi philosophy is universal in nature, its roots predating the rise of Islam and the other modern-day religions, save for perhaps Buddhism and Jainism ; likewise, some Muslims consider Sufism outside the sphere of Islam.

The pastoral care function of the Christian clergy such as a Catholic priest or Protestant pastor is fulfilled for many Muslims by a murshid (" guide "), master of the spiritual sciences and disciplines known as tasawuf or Sufism.

In Muslim culture, Ali is respected for his courage, knowledge, belief, honesty, unbending devotion to Islam, deep loyalty to Muhammad, equal treatment of all Muslims and generosity in forgiving his defeated enemies, and therefore is central to mystical traditions in Islam such as Sufism.

The Sufism has made a deep impact on Sindhi Muslims and Sufi shrines dot the landscape of Sindh.

Most Bangladeshi Muslims are influenced by Sufism.

These reform movements often condemn Sufism and marabouts as un-Islamic, but the poor see that marabouts often speak out on behalf of the downtrodden and that reform movements appear to support the interests of wealthier Muslims.

So although group dhikr is seen as a hallmark of Sufism, the Sufis themselves practice the same private forms of worship that other Muslims practice, though usually more frequently and methodically ; group dhikr is a less-frequent occurrence and is not the end-all-and-be-all of Sufism, as some Sufi orders do not even perform it.

However, there are many movements who were against Sufism and are still active in Bangladesh today.

Ibn Tufail cites al-Ghazali as an influence on his novel, especially his views on Sufism, but was critical of his views against Avicennism.

One of the most famous early Islamic mystics-Sufi Hasan al-Basri introduced numerous Isra ' il ' iyat legends into Islamic scholarship, stories that went on to become representative of Islamic mystical ideas of piety of Sufism.

In addition to the spiritual teachings of Haji Bektash Veli the Bktashi tariqat was significantly influenced during its formative period by both the Hurufis ( in the early 15th century ) as well as the Qalandariyah stream of Sufism, which took many forms in 13th century Anatolia.

One of the most respected and beloved early Muslim saints Abdul-Qadir Gilani also elaborated Sufism, tasawwuf and faqr in a conclusive manner.

Born in Astrabad, Iran, he was strongly drawn to Sufism and the teachings of Mansur Al-Hallaj and Rumi at an early age.

Since the early 1970s, there has been a revival of interest in Sufism.

The tradition of Islamic mysticism known as Sufism appeared very early in Islam and became essentially a popular movement emphasizing worship out of a love of Allah rather than fear.

Although the brotherhoods ( Sufism and tariqa ) played a role in the early expansion of Islam, it was not until the nineteenth century that these religious orders assumed importance when they attempted to make religion a force for expanding identities and loyalties beyond the limits of kinship.

The 10-century process of Indianization of Indonesia was rivaled by the coming of Persian Sufism, and Sufism had begun to take root in the native philosophical discourse since the early 15th century onwards.

to mysticism, in particular Muslim mysticism ( Sufism ).

There are four main tariqas in Sufism: the Naqshbandi Order ( named after Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari ), the Chishti Order ( named after Khawaja Moduud Chisti while Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti is most famous Sufi Saint of this order ), the Qadiri Order ( named after Shaykh ` Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī ), and the Suhrawardi Order ( named after Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi ).

His work, aimed at synthesis of philosophy and Sufism, paved the way for the work of Ibn Sina ( Avicenna ).

Sufism () is a mystic tradition of Islam based on the pursuit of spiritual truth as it is gradually revealed to the heart and mind of the Sufi ( one who practices Sufism ).

People can likewise achieve such experiences more deliberately through recognized mystical practices such as sensory deprivation or mind-control techniques, hypnosis, meditation, prayer, or mystical disciplines such as mantra meditation, yoga, Sufism, dream yoga, or surat shabda yoga ).

His work, aimed at synthesis of philosophy and Sufism, paved the way for the work of Avicenna ( 980 – 1037 ).

The concept of Logos in Sufism is used to relate the " Uncreated " ( God ), to the " Created " ( man ).

Lessing later wrote several essays on Sufism which were published in her essay collection, Time Bites ( 2004 ).

The central doctrine of Sufism, sometimes called Wahdat-ul-Wujood or Wahdat al-Wujud or Unity of Being, is the Sufi understanding of Tawhid ( the oneness of God ; absolute monotheism ).

In Turkey, he became interested in numerology, kabbalah and Sufism ( including secret mystical exercises still practised by Sufis of the Bektashi order ).

By about 1912 he became convinced that he had discovered what he called " the key to spiritual realization ", described by a later historian as " a set of numerological meditation exercises that bear little resemblance to either Sufism or Masonry " ( Sedgwick 2004: 66 ).

This great veneration of the marabouts reflects the continuing vigor of Sufism, the movement which grew up in the 12th century around Sufi Abu Madian ( d. 1197 ).

The widespread practice of Sufism was encouraged by the massive founding of Islamic kingdoms and sultanates in Indonesia ( Nasr 1991: 262 ).

Kings and sultans like Sunan Giri, Sunan Gunungjati, Sunan Kudus, Sultan Trenggono of Demak, Pakubuwana II, Pakubuwana IV, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa of Banten, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah, Engku Hajji Muda Raja Abdallah to Raja Muhammad Yusuf are sufi-kings ; they learned Sufism from eminent Sufi teachers ( Perpustakaan Nasional 2001: 12-39 ).

Arabian Wahhabism was also adopted by King Pakubuwono IV and Tuanku Imam Bonjol, who eradicated Sufism and encouraged Qur ' an teachings instead ( Hamka 1971: 62-64 ).