* Sulfonated polysaccharides: They occur in the cell walls of most algae ; those common in red algae include agarose, carrageenan, porphyran, furcelleran and funoran.

Melamine is combined with formaldehyde to produce melamine resin, a very durable thermosetting plastic used in Formica ™, and melamine foam, a polymeric cleaning product.

Superplasticizers have generally been manufactured from sulfonated naphthalene condensate or sulfonated melamine formaldehyde, although newer products based on polycarboxylic ethers are now available.

It is reasonably durable, hygienic and relatively easy to maintain It has the disadvantage of being made of a plastic ( melamine resin ) derived from formaldehyde and because it is usually designed for light domestic use ( AC1-AC2 ) may be less durable than more conventional flooring, having a probable life of less than five years in ( AC3 ) heavy domestic use.

Laminate flooring is often made of melamine resin, a compound made with formaldehyde.

Modern replacement options include melamine formaldehyde resin and polyurethane.

The melamine contamination level was found to be 43 ppm ( legal limit is 2. 5 ppm ).

However, melamine is much more expensive to produce than are other common nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea.

The nitrogen mineralization process for melamine is extremely slow, making this product both economically and scientifically impractical for use as a fertilizer.

In 1978, however, a study concluded that melamine " may not be an acceptable non-protein N source for ruminants " because its hydrolysis in cattle is slower and less complete than other nitrogen sources such as cottonseed meal and urea.

Standard tests, such as the Kjeldahl and Dumas tests, estimate protein levels by measuring the nitrogen content, so they can be misled by adding nitrogen-rich compounds such as melamine. There is an instrument ( SPRINT ) developed by the company CEM Corp that allows the determination of protein content directly in some applications ; this cannot be fooled by adding melamine in the sample

In early production, first calcium cyanamide is converted into dicyandiamide, then heated above its melting temperature to produce melamine.

The slurry is further concentrated and crystallized to yield melamine.

Therefore, melamine production is often integrated into urea production, which uses ammonia as feedstock.

Crystallization and washing of melamine generates a considerable amount of waste water, which is a pollutant if discharged directly into the environment.

In the Eurotecnica process, however, there is no solid waste and the contaminants are decomposed to ammonia and carbon dioxide and sent as off gas to the upstream urea plant ; accordingly, the waste water can be recycled to the melamine plant itself or used as clean cooling water make-up.

By early 2006, melamine production in mainland China is reported to be in " serious surplus ".

Currently, China is the world's largest exporter of melamine, while its domestic consumption still grows by 10 % per year.

The limit of detection of melamine is a few nanograms of melamine per gram of milk.

Because melamine resin is often used in food packaging and tableware, melamine at ppm level ( 1 part per million ) in food and beverage has been reported due to migration from melamine-containing resins.

Mr. Clean is a brand name and mascot fully owned by Procter & Gamble used for a cleaning solution and related products, and as " Mr. Clean Magic Eraser ", for a melamine foam cleaner.

The most likely cause according to the FDA is the presence of melamine in the wheat gluten of the affected foods.

The inner core layer is usually composed of melamine resin and fiber board materials.

The major brands are generally a good bargain, but institutional ( schools, hospitals ) and heavily used commercial applications are not a good application for melamine boards

Melamine also enters the fabrication of melamine poly-sulfonate used as superplasticizer for making high-resistance concrete.

A study by USSR researchers in the 1980s suggested that melamine cyanurate, commonly used as a fire retardant, could be more toxic than either melamine or cyanuric acid alone.

was a hypothetical design for a synthetic biology circuit, to used for detecting melamine and related chemical analogues such as cyanuric acid.

Small amounts of melamine have also been reported in foodstuff as a metabolite product of cyromazine, an insecticide used on animals and crops.

It resisted heat, abrasion and moisture better than phenolic or urea resins and could be used to make more colors ; soon after, the Formica Corporation was buying the entire output of melamine from American Cyanamid.

Panel saws are used by cabinet shops to easily cut plywood and melamine sheets into cabinet components.

Urea Melamine resins are used to offer water resistance with increased melamine offering enhanced resistance.

Also melamine resin or tempered glass such as Corelle can be used.

Nowadays, small melamine bowls are used for the side dishes.

The best known 1, 3, 5-triazine derivative is melamine with three amino substituents used in the manufacture of resins.

Traditional lignosulfonate-based plasticisers, naphthalene and melamine sulfonate-based superplasticisers disperse the flocculated cement particles through a mechanism of electrostatic repulsion ( see colloid ).

The use of melamine as fertilizer for crops had been envisaged during the ' 50s and ' 60s because of its high nitrogen content ( 2 / 3 ).

Surplus melamine has been an adulterant for feedstock and milk in mainland China for several years now because it can make diluted or poor quality material appear to be higher in protein content by elevating the total nitrogen content detected by some simple protein tests.

In the 2008 Chinese milk scandal, melamine adulterant was found in Sanlu infant formula, added to fool tests into reporting higher protein content.

* Urea, melamine and other non-protein nitrogen sources, added to protein products in order to inflate crude protein content measurements

* In 2007, samples of wheat gluten mixed with melamine, presumably to produce artificially inflated results from common tests for protein content, were discovered in many U. S. pet food brands, as well as in human food supply.

Between 2002 and 2007, while the global melamine price remained stable, a steep increase in the price of urea ( feedstock for melamine ) has reduced the profitability of melamine manufacturing.

The Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore issued a similar advisory, while also noting that although the level of melamine was high in the candy, it did not pose the same sort of danger that the contaminated infant formula did.