Reports had reached the Sultan of Ibrahim's impudence during a campaign against the Persian Safavid empire: in particular his adoption of the title serasker sultan was seen as a grave affront to Suleiman.

Under Sultan Ibrahim's reign, Johor Bahru continued to develop ; the Malay Peninsula railway extension was completed in 1909,

Swettenham was comfortable with Sultan Ibrahim's prospect of financing the railway line using the state's revenues, and submitted his proposals to the Colonial Office in England.

This drew the concern of the Straits Governor, Sir John Anderson, who was not very favourable with Sultan Ibrahim's intents to detach Johor's economic dependence from Singapore.

The British were extremely unhappy with the condition of Johor's finances, which was depleted as a result of Sultan Ibrahim's extensive overseas travels.

As a result of his frequent complaints of maladministration of state affairs by the local British government, Sultan Ibrahim's relations with each General Adviser became strained.

Some of Onn's articles were critical of Sultan Ibrahim's policies, which led to a strained personal relations with the Sultan.

Sultan Ibrahim's relations with Clementi's successor, Sir Shenton Thomas did not fare well as Thomas attempted to form a centralised Malayan Union by bringing Johore and other Unfederated Malay States under the direct charge of the Straits Governor.

Sultan Ibrahim's rejected proposals, and made a £ 250, 000 cash gift to George VI of the United Kingdom on his 44th birthday in 1939 during his trip to Europe in 1939.

Sultan Ibrahim's calls for secession inspired the formation of Persatuan Kebangsaan Melayu Johor ( PKMJ ) the following month, a secessionist movement led by Ungku Abdullah bin Omar, a relative of Sultan Ibrahim who was serving as one of Johor's state executive councillor.

Some of Onn's articles were critical of Sultan Ibrahim's policies, which led to a strained personal relations with the Sultan.

Ahmed II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ibrahim I ( 1640 – 48 ) by Valide Sultan Khadija Muazzez, and succeeded his brother Suleiman II ( 1687 – 91 ) in 1691.

Ahmed III ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >) < span dir =" ltr ">( December 30 / 31, 1673 – July 1, 1736 )</ span > was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 87 ).

He was the son of Sultan Mahmud II and succeeded his brother Abdülmecid I in 1861.

Ayub Shah was another son of Timur Shah, who deposed Sultan Ali Shah.

He was the son of Murad I and Valide Sultan Gülçiçek Hatun.

* ( m. 1381 )-Devlet Shah Hâtûn-Daughter of Yakub Shah of Germiyanids, Descendant of Rumi through his son Sultan Walad's daughter Mutahhara Hatun who was an ancestor of Yakub Shah ;

Beyazıt ) was the oldest son and successor of Mehmed II, ruling as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512.

Bayezid II was born in Dimetoka Palace ( now Didymoteicho ) in Thrace as the son of Mehmed II ( 1432 – 81 ) and Valide Sultan Mükrime Hatun, the daughter of Süleyman Bey, the sixth ruler of Dulkadirids, who died in 1492.

Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan were the first to introduce modern Cannons and Muskets, their army was also the first in India to have official uniforms.

During the Second Anglo-Mysore War Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan unleashed the Mysorean rockets at their British opponents effectively defeating them on various occasions.

The rule of Wodeyar dynasty which established the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India in around 1400 CE by was interrupted by Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan in the later half of 18th century.

Mehmed the Conqueror, the Ottoman sultan living in the 15th century, European sources say “ who was known to have ambivalent sexual tastes, sent a eunuch to the house of Notaras, demanding that he supply his good looking fourteen year old son for the Sultan ’ s pleasure.

When he refused, the Sultan instantly ordered the decapitation of Notaras, together with that of his son and his son-in-law ; and their three heads … were placed on the banqueting table before him ”.

Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī (), and more popularly in the English-speaking world simply as Rumi ( 30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273 ), was a 13th-century after whose death in 1284 Rumi's younger and only surviving son, Sultan Walad ( died 1312 ), favorably known as author of the mystical Maṭnawī Rabābnāma, or the Book of the Rabab was installed as grand master of the order.

He proclaimed himself Sultan of Egypt and Syria, entrusting Damascus to al-Mu ' azzam and al-Jazira to his other son al-Kamil.

He was the son of Orhan I and the Valide Sultan Nilüfer Hatun and became the ruler following his father's death in 1361.

He was the son of Orhan I and the Valide Sultan Nilüfer Hatun ,( whose name means Water lily in Persian ) daughter of the Prince of Yarhisar or Byzantine princess Theodora Kantakouzene ( also named Nilüfer ), who was of ethnic Greek descent

* Sultan Bayezid I ( 1354 – 1402 )- son of Gulcicek Hatun

Murat ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1421 to 1451 ( except for a period from 1444 to 1446 when his son Mehmed II reigned ).

Mustafa I Deli ( 1591 – January 20, 1639 ) (), son of Mehmed III, was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1617 to 1618 and from 1622 to 1623.

Murad IV was born in Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ahmed I ( 1603 – 17 ) and the ethnic Greek Valide Sultan Kösem Sultan ( also known as Mahpeyker ), originally named Anastasia.

Ahmed I ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد اول Aḥmed-i evvel, ) or Ahmed Bakhti ( April 18, 1590 – November 22, 1617 ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603 until his death in 1617.

Ahmed I's mother was Valide Sultan Handan Sultan, an ethnic Greek who was originally named Helena.

A half-brother of Ahmed, Yahya, resented his accession to the Ottoman throne in 1603, and spent his life scheming to become Sultan.

Bilingual Franco-Turkish translation of the 1604 Franco-Ottoman alliance | Franco-Ottoman Capitulations between Sultan Ahmed I and Henry IV of France, published by François Savary de Brèves in 1615.

Today Ahmed I is remembered mainly for the construction of the Sultan Ahmed Mosque ( also known as the Blue Mosque ), one of the masterpieces of Islamic architecture.

Ahmed II Khan Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثانى Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > ānī ) < span dir =" ltr ">( February 25, 1643 – February 6, 1695 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695.

In 1710 he convinced the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III to declare war against Russia, and the Ottoman forces under Baltacı Mehmet Pasha won a major victory at the Battle of Prut.

Sultan Ahmed III had become unpopular by reason of the excessive pomp and costly luxury in which he and his principal officers indulged ; on September 20, 1730, a mutinous riot of seventeen janissaries, led by the Albanian Patrona Halil, was aided by the citizens as well as the military until it swelled into an insurrection in front of which the Sultan was forced to give up the throne.

Ahmed voluntarily led his nephew Mahmud I ( 1730 – 54 ) to the seat of sovereignty and paid allegiance to him as Sultan of the Empire.

Sultan Ahmed III receives French ambassador Vicomte d ' Andrezel at Topkapı Palace.

French ambassador Marquis de Bonnac being received by Sultan Ahmed III.

Sultan Ahmed III

The Harem with the Sultan Ahmed III

* 1673 – Ahmed III, Ottoman Sultan ( d. 1736 )

Dynastie chérifienne, Proclaimed princes of Tafilalet since 1631, while a civil war started following the death of the Saadian Sultan Ahmed al-Mansur.

* 1727 – 1728: Sultan Moulay Ahmed Ed-dehbi of Morocco ( 1 règne )

* 1728 – 1729: Sultan Moulay Ahmed Ed-dehbi of Morocco ( règne )