Under the leadership of Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, the first half of the 20th century was a period of significant development for the Ismā ' īlī community.

The Jubilees of Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, are well remembered.

Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah also introduced organizational forms that gave Ismāʿīlī communities the means to structure and regulate their own affairs.

* 1877-1885: Sultan Muhammad Shah

* 1885-1898: His Highness Agha Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III

* 1898-1902: His Highness Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, KCIE

* 1902-1911: His Highness Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, GCIE

* 1911-1923: His Highness Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, GCSI, GCIE

* 1923-1934: His Highness Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO

* 1934-1955: His Highness The Right Honourable Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, PC, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO

* 1955-1957: His Highness The Right Honourable Aga Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, Aga Khan III, PC, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, GCVO

From then on the employment of gunpowder warfare in India was prevalent, with events such as the " Siege of Belgaum " in 1473 by Sultan Muhammad Shah Bahmani.

Timur himself had divided his territories between Pir Muhammad, Miran Shah, Khalil Sultan and Shah Rukh, which resulted in inter-family warfare.

After spending another year in Mecca, Ibn Battuta decided to seek employment with the Muslim Sultan of Delhi, Muhammad bin Tughluq.

Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī (), and more popularly in the English-speaking world simply as Rumi ( 30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273 ), was a 13th-century after whose death in 1284 Rumi's younger and only surviving son, Sultan Walad ( died 1312 ), favorably known as author of the mystical Maṭnawī Rabābnāma, or the Book of the Rabab was installed as grand master of the order.

The king thereupon adopted the Muslim title and name ( in Arabic ) of Sultan ( besides the old Divehi title of Maha Radun or Ras Kilege or Rasgefānu ) Muhammad al Adil, initiating a series of six Islamic dynasties consisting of eighty-four sultans and sultanas that lasted until 1932 when the sultanate became elective.

In 1944, the independence party Istiqlāl was founded, supported by the Sultan Muhammad V ( 1927 – 1961 ).

The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan had exchanged ambassadors with the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV, it was through these exchanges that he received Isa Muhammad Effendi and Ismail Effendi, two Turkish architects and students of the famous Koca Mimar Sinan Agha.

Later on in the campaign, the Adalites were struck by a catastrophe when Sultan Mansur and his brother Muhammad were captured in battle by the Solomonids.

He was succeeded by his son Muhammad ibn Badlay who sent envoys to the Sultan of Mamluk Egypt to gather support and arms in the continuing war against the Christian empire.

Sultan Muhammad was succeeded by his son Shams ad Din while Emperor Baeda Maryam was succeeded by his son Eskender.

The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan had exchanged ambassadors and documents with the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV, it was through these exchanges led by the Mughal ambassador Sayyid Muhiuddin and his counterpart the Ottoman ambassador Arsalan Agha, that Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan received Mimar Yusuf, Isa Muhammad Effendi and Ismail Effendi, two Turkish architects and students of the famous Koca Mimar Sinan Agha.

* Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam ( Brunei )

He was married twice, to Valide Sultan Mahfiruze Hatice Sultan, originally named Maria, a Greek, mother of Osman II, and to Valide Sultan Kadinefendi Kösem Sultan or Mahpeyker, originally named Anastasia, a Greek, mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I.

He married with Mahpeyker and had five children from her: Murad IV, Ibrahim I, Ayşe Sultan, Shahzade Suleiman and Shahzade Kasim.

Ahmed II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ibrahim I ( 1640 – 48 ) by Valide Sultan Khadija Muazzez, and succeeded his brother Suleiman II ( 1687 – 91 ) in 1691.

In 1726, Ibrahim Muteferrika convinced the Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha, the Grand Mufti, and the clergy on the efficiency of the printing press, and later submitted a request to Sultan Ahmed III, who granted Muteferrika the permission to publish non-religious books ( despite opposition from some calligraphers and religious leaders.

The Ottoman Empire | Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, awaits the arrival of his Grand Vizier Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha at Buda, in the year 1529.

Yet Ibrahim eventually fell from grace with the Sultan.

Before his death however, Chelebi's last words were to accuse Ibrahim of conspiracy against the Sultan.

Sultan Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim, the third Sultan of the House of Gobroon, started the Golden age of the Gobroon dynasty.

* August 18 – Ibrahim I, Ottoman Sultan ( b. 1615 )

* September 21 – Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra, Sultan of Kelantan, becomes the 6th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.

* March 29 – Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra, King of Malaysia ( b. 1917 )

That changed when the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II negotiated with Mehmet Ali of Egypt, who agreed to send his son Ibrahim Pasha to Greece with an army to suppress the revolt in return for territorial gain.

* February 9 – Ibrahim I ( 1640 – 1648 ) succeeds Murat IV ( 1623 – 1640 ) as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

* November 5 – Ibrahim I, Ottoman Sultan ( d. 1648 )

* April 21 – Ibrahim Lodi, last Sultan of Delhi ( in battle )

After the death of Khan Mirza, Badakhshan was governed for Babur by Prince Humayun, Sultan Wais Khan ( Mirza Sulaiman's father-in-law ), Prince Hindal, and lastly, by Mirza Sulaiman, who held Badakhshan till October 8, 1541, when he had to surrender himself and his son, Mirza Ibrahim, to Prince Kamran Mirza.

A sheikh from Kampong Pasai ( presumably a small community of traders from Pasai who lived on the outskirts of Patani ) named Sa ' id or Shafi ' uddin, in various accounts, healed the king of a rare skin disease and after much negotiation ( and recurrence of the disease ), the king agreed to convert to Islam, adopting the name Sultan Ismail Shah.

Ali Raja returned to Mysore to pay homage to Hyder Ali, presenting him the captured Sultan of the Maldives Hasan ' Izz ud-din, whom Ali Raja had blinded.

Nasir's mother, Aishath Didi, was the daughter of Moosa Didi, son of Dhadimagu Ganduvaru Maryam Didi, daughter of Husain Didi, son of Al-Nabeel Karayye Hassan Didi, son of Prince Ibrahim Faamuladheyri Kilegefan, son of Sultan Muhammed Ghiya ' as ud-din, son of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II, son of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin II of the Dhiyamigili dynasty.

Paduka Sri Sultan Muhammad Bashar ud-din Saif ul -' Alam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Thaf Sinar Bashar * Shah Kota Batu, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Serdang

Tengku Muhammad Khalid Shah Al-Haj Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan ‘ Ala ud-din Sulaiman Shah Tengku Indira Bijaya di-Raja of Kuala Langat and Sepang.

Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah or ' Sultan Abdu ' l Hamid Halim Shah II ibni Ahmad Taj ud-din al-Mukarram Shah KCMG, ( 4 June 1864 – 13 May 1943 ) was the 25th Sultan of Kedah.

Prince ' Ali is the son of Prince Naif bin Abdullah of Jordan and his wife Princess Mehrimah Sultana of Turkey, daughter of Major-General Prince Sultan Muhammad Zia ud-din Effendi of Turkey, GCVO.

He was the son of Sultan Muhammad Mu ' iz ud-din.

Makunudhoo is also famous as the island where Vazir Ibrahim Famuladeyri Takurufaanu who plotted to assassinate Sultan Muhammed Ghiya ' as ud-din was exiled to in 1767.