Super PACs, officially known as " independent-expenditure only committees ," may not make contributions to candidate campaigns or parties, but may engage in unlimited political spending independently of the campaigns.

According to Federal Election Commission advisories, Super PACs are not allowed to coordinate directly with candidates or political parties.

Super PACs may support particular candidacies.

Super PACs are often run or advised by a candidate's former staff or associates.

According to data from the Center for Responsive Politics, the top 100 individual super PAC donors in 2011 – 2012 made up just 3. 7 % of contributors, but accounted for more than 80 % of the total money raised, while less than 0. 5 % of the money given to “ the most active Super PACs ” was donated by publicly traded corporations.

Super PACs have been criticized for relying heavily on negative ads.

Many have argued that Super PACs, while meeting the requirements for legal independence, are often not truly independent of the candidates they support.

Super PACs are often managed by close associates, former staff, or a candidate's immediate family.

Super PACs were seen in the press as a possible means of allowing illegal donations from foreign entities – either individuals or companies – to be disguised.

Pew Research Center ran a poll in January 2012 to find out how many voters were aware of the ruling on Super PACs and whether they found Super PACs had a positive or negative effect on the political campaign.

They also found that most ( 60 % to 67 %) felt that Super PACs had a negative effect on the political campaign process.

As of February 2012, according to Center for Responsive Politics, 313 groups organized as Super PACs had received $ 98, 650, 993 and spent $ 46, 191, 479.

John Nichols & Robert W. McChesney, “ After ‘ Citizens United ’: The Attack of the Super PACs ,” The Nation, February 6, pp. 1, 11-17. http :// www. thenation. com / article / 165733 / after-citizens-united-attack-super-pacs? page = full

Technically, almost all political committees, including state, local, and federal candidate committees, traditional political action committees, " Super PACs ", and political parties are " 527s.

Circuit ruling in Speechnow. org v. Federal Election Commission created independent expenditure-only committees known as Super PACs which, like 527s, can raise unlimited amounts of money from individuals, unions, associations and corporations to influence elections.

The ad lampooned the flimsiness of legal restrictions against Super PACs coordinating with the candidates they support.

However, in their first-ever Super Bowl appearance, they were defeated 34 – 19, by the defending champion Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XXXIII.

In 2010, with a regular season record of 13 – 3, their best regular season record since the 1998 Super Bowl season, the Falcons secured a third straight winning season, their fourth overall divisional title, and the top overall seed in the NFC playoffs ; however, the Falcons were overpowered by the eventual Super Bowl XLV champion Green Bay Packers in the NFC Divisional Playoffs 48 – 21.

They were replaced by shorter-range AIM-120 AMRAAMs, employed on the F / A-18 Hornet and F / A-18E / F Super Hornet.

They were replaced by shorter-range AIM-120 AMRAAMs, employed on the F / A-18E / F Super Hornet.

The other three were Gallagher v. Crown Kosher Super Market of Mass., Inc., 366 U. S. 617 ( 1961 ); Braunfeld v. Brown, 366 U. S. 599 ( 1961 ); Two Guys from Harrison vs. McGinley, 366 U. S. 582 ( 1961 ).

The Rams were only one year removed from a Super Bowl appearance, and had dominated the series with the 49ers for nearly a decade.

The Panthers were then headed to their first Super Bowl in team history, to be played against the New England Patriots.

While the Super Bowl XX Champion Bears were a fixture of mainstream American pop culture in the 1980s, the Bears made a prior mark with the 1971 American TV movie Brian's Song starring Billy Dee Williams as Gale Sayers and James Caan as Brian Piccolo.

The team took a risk by recording and releasing the song before the playoffs had even begun, but were able to avoid embarrassment by going on to win Super Bowl XX by a then-record margin of 46 – 10.

During the 1970s and 1980s, the Bengals were a perennial playoff contender and they won AFC championships in and, but lost Super Bowls XVI and XXIII to the San Francisco 49ers.

The Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders soon gained the spotlight with their revealing outfits and sophisticated dance moves, which debuted in the 1972 – 1973 season, but were first seen widely in Super Bowl X ( 1976 ).

Well-known clones were the Oceanic OC-118 aka Excelerator +, the MSD Super Disk single and dual drives, the Enhancer 2000, the Indus GT, and CMD's FD-2000 and FD-4000.

The teams were split into two pools, with the top three teams in each pool advancing to the Super 6.

Many of the producers behind the Super Tuscan movement were originally Chianti producers who were rebelling against what they felt were antiquated DOC regulations.

Gailey led the team to two playoff appearances with a 10 – 6 record in 1998 and an NFC East championship, but the Cowboys were defeated in the playoffs by the Arizona Cardinals 20-7 ; after an 8 – 8 season in 1999 ( during which Irvin suffered a career-ending spinal injury in a loss to the Philadelphia Eagles ) ending in another playoff loss ( this time to the Minnesota Vikings 27-10 ), he was fired and became the first Cowboys coach who did not take the team to a Super Bowl.

The Cowboys were eliminated by the ( eventual Super Bowl Champion ) Giants in the divisional round of the playoffs, the first NFC No. 1 seed to do so since the playoff re-alignment.

This curse purportedly became popular after the team lost Super Bowl V, when they were forced to wear their colored jersey because they were the designated home team.

Since the 1970 NFL-AFL merger, league rules were changed to allow the Super Bowl home team to pick their choice of jersey.

The Steelers won Super Bowl X and Super Bowl XIII ; both games were decided in the final seconds, first on a last-second throw by Roger Staubach, then as a fourth-quarter rally by Dallas fell short on an onside kick.

On August 30, 2011, Sports Illustrated senior writer Peter King, who correctly predicted the 2011 Super Bowl, made his predictions for the 2011 season and picked the Falcons to defeat the San Diego Chargers in the 2012 Super Bowl.

Commented assembly language source code was made available for Centipede, Commando, Crossbow, Desert Falcon, Dig Dug, Food Fight, Galaga, Hat Trick, Joust, Ms. Pac-Man, Super Stunt Cycle, Robotron: 2084 and Xevious game titles.

The backbone of the Brazilian combat aviation made up of three types, the Northrop F-5E / F, the Embraer / Aermacchi A-1A / B ( AMX ) and the Embraer A / T-29 Super Tucano.

However, in 1968 the Colts returned with the continued leadership of Unitas and Shula and went onto win the Colts ' third NFL Championship and made an appearance in Super Bowl III.

Pit was a recurring character in the American animated television series Captain N: The Game Master, and made cameo appearances in Nintendo games such as Tetris, F-1 Race and Super Smash Bros. Melee.

The team made its first Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl VI, but lost to the Dallas Cowboys 24-3.

In addition to Brunello di Montalcino, which must be aged five years prior to release, 6 years for the Riserva, Rosso di Montalcino ( DOC ), made from sangiovese grosso grapes and aged one year, and a variety of Super Tuscan wines are also produced within the comune, as well as the Moscadello sweet white wines for which it was most famous until the development of the Brunello series.

In 1985, they returned to the playoffs, and made it all the way to Super Bowl XX, which they lost to the Chicago Bears 46 – 10.

The Eagles have won three NFL titles and made two Super Bowl appearances, losing both ( in 1980 to the Oakland Raiders and 2004 to the New England Patriots ).

The game retains four of the original Quakes weapons ( Shotgun, Super Shotgun, Grenade Launcher and Rocket Launcher ), although they were all redesigned and made to function in slightly different ways.

A Super 8 version of selected scenes of the film was made available.

Following the Super League war of the 1990s Crowe made an attempt to use his Hollywood connections to convince Ted Turner, rival of Super League's Rupert Murdoch, to save the Rabbitohs before they were forced from the National Rugby League competition for two years.

In the 1994 season, the Chargers made their first and, so far, only Super Bowl appearance, against the 49ers in Super Bowl XXIX.

Since being released Super Mario Kart has been listed among the best games ever made several times.

Pontiac introduced their " Super Duty " 421 in Catalinas that made use of many aluminum body parts to save weight, and the Pontiacs easily won in 1962.

Square has also made other widely known games such as Chrono Trigger, Chrono Cross, Secret of Mana, Legend of Mana, Xenogears, Brave Fencer Musashi, Parasite Eve, Parasite Eve 2, Saga Frontier, Romancing Saga, Vagrant Story, Kingdom Hearts ( done in collaboration with Disney Interactive ), and Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars ( done under the guidance of Shigeru Miyamoto ).

Undaunted, Jets quarterback Joe Namath made an appearance three days before the Super Bowl at the Miami Touchdown Club and brashly guaranteed a victory.

No converters allowing GameGear games to be played on the Master System or Megadrive ( a la the Super Game Boy ) were made available.

Their 73-year old owner Art Rooney founded the Steelers as a 1933 NFL expansion team, but suffered through losing seasons for most of its 42-year history and had never made it to an NFL championship game or a Super Bowl.

The Broncos, led by Morton and the Orange Crush Defense, made their first Super Bowl appearance after also posting a 12-2 regular season record and postseason wins over the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Oakland Raiders.