Terrestrial Trunked Radio ( TETRA ) ( formerly known as Trans-European Trunked Radio ) is a professional mobile radio and two-way transceiver ( colloquially known as a walkie talkie ) specification.

As well as allowing direct communications in situations where network coverage is not available, DMO also includes the possibility of using a sequence of one or more TETRA terminals as relays.

* TETRA infrastructure is usually separate from ( but connected to ) that of the public ( mobile ) phone networks, resulting in ( normally ) no call charges for the system owners, substantially more diverse and resilient communications and it is easy to customise and integrate with data applications ( vehicle location, GIS databases, dispatch systems, etc.

* Unlike cellular technologies, which connect one subscriber to one other subscriber ( one-to-one ), TETRA is built to do one-to-one, one-to-many and many-to-many.

Further information is available from the TETRA Association ( formerly TETRA MoU ) and the standards can be downloaded for free from ETSI.

To overcome the limitations many software vendors have begun to consider hybrid solutions where TETRA is used for critical signaling while large data synchronization and transfer of images and video is done over 3G / LTE.

A Mobile Country Code ( MCC ) is part of the International Mobile Subscriber Identity ( IMSI ) number, used in combination with a Mobile Network Code ( MNC ) ( also known as a " MCC / MNC tuple ") to uniquely identify a mobile phone operator / carrier using the GSM / LTE, CDMA, iDEN, TETRA and UMTS public land mobile networks and some satellite mobile networks.

Operation of PMR radio equipment is based on such standards as MPT-1327, TETRA and APCO 25 which are designed for dedicated use by specific organizations, or standards such as NXDN intended for general commercial use.

TETRA is a modern standard for digital private mobile radio ( PMR ) and public access mobile radio ( PAMR ).

Sepura plc is the only major network-independent TETRA ( Terrestrial Trunked Radio ) terminal supplier.

At the same time in 2005 the European Terrestrial Trunked Radio ( TETRA ) was deployed in sixty countries however and it is the preferred choice in Europe, China and other countries.

This is largely based on the fact that TETRA systems are many times cheaper than P25 systems ($ 900 vs $ 6, 000 for a radio ).

A classic deployment of E2EE is demonstrated by its use within the Terrestrial Trunked Radio TETRA standard, as defined by the Security Fraud Prevention Group ( SFPG ) of the Tetra MoU

In the TETRA deployment of E2EE the management, distribution and updating of encryption key-variables and crypto-associations ( links between network address and key-variables ) is facilitated by use of a Key Management Centre ( KMC ).

The ACELP method is widely employed in current speech coding standards such as AMR, EFR, AMR-WB ( G. 722. 2 ), VMR-WB, EVRC, EVRC-B, SMV, TETRA, PCS 1900, MPEG-4 CELP and ITU-T G-series standards G. 729, G. 729. 1 ( first coding stage ) and G. 723. 1.

The East London Line was chosen as the first line to receive the TETRA radio as it was the second smallest of the lines and is a mix of surface and sub surface.

TETRA is not test-bed ; it is in and working in Copenhagen and Oslo, with the Netherlands, Singapore and Hong Kong ready for commissioning.

Work started on the development of the TETRA standards in 1990 and has relied on the support of the European Commission and the ETSI members.

In this regard, P25 fills the same role as the European Terrestrial Trunked Radio ( TETRA ) protocol, although not interoperable with it.

The final functional and technical requirements have been released by ETSI and were expected to shape the next phases of American Project 25 and European DMR, dPMR, and TETRA, however no interest from the industry followed as the requirements could not be met by available commercial off-the-shelf technology, and the project was closed in 2010.

TETRA being an open standard, each of these networks can use any mix of TETRA mobile terminals from a wide range if suppliers.

Experience gained in the development of the GSM cellular radio standard, as well as experience from the development and use of trunked radio systems has also been used to fashion the TETRA standard.

The first ruggedized high-speed smartphone based on the TETRA network was launched on 26 May 2011

Devon and Cornwall officers carry TETRA digital radios, PDAs, Hiatt rigid handcuffs, CS incapacitant gas, the ASP 21 " collapsible baton, leg restraints, a resuscitation mask and a basic first aid kit.

TETRA was specifically designed for use by government agencies, emergency services, ( police forces, fire departments, ambulance ) for public safety networks, rail transportation staff for train radios, transport services and the military.

Manufactured by Melecs in Austria, Sepura's product portfolio comprises vehicle-mounted and hand-held radios, the world ’ s most popular covert radios, 10W mobile-gateways and the most advanced programming support tool on the TETRA market today – Radio Manager.

TETRA Mobile Stations ( MS ) can communicate direct-mode operation ( DMO ) or using trunked-mode operation ( TMO ) using switching and management infrastructure ( SwMI ) made of TETRA base stations ( TBS ).

EDACS has the largest customer base of any technology in M / A-COM's portfolio ( i. e. EDACS, OpenSky, P25 and TETRA ).

Even so astute a commentator as Harold Clurman of The Nation has said that `` Waiting For Godot '' is `` the concentrate of the contemporary European mood of despair ''.

And it is clearly argued by Lord Percy of Newcastle, in his remarkable long essay, The Heresy Of Democracy, and in a more general way by Voegelin, in his New Science Of Politics, that this same Rousseauan idea, descending through European democracy, is the source of Marx's theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

As Sandburg said at the time: `` It is as ancient as the medieval European ballads brought to the Appalachian Mountains, it is as modern as skyscrapers, the Volstead Act, and the latest oil well gusher ''.

At some cities, this pick-up and delivery service is without additional charge, and, if you are budget-wise, when you are planning your itinerary, you will take advantage of these free delivery and collection stations in major cities within the larger European countries.

It is well to bear in mind that gasoline will cost from $.80 to $.90 for the equivalent of a United States gallon and while you might prefer a familiar Ford, Chevrolet or even a Cadillac, which are available in some countries, it is probably wiser to choose the smaller European makes which average thirty, thirty-five and even forty miles to the gallon.

Rates for American cars are somewhat higher, ranging from about $8.00 a day up to $14.00 a day for a Chevrolet Convertible, but the rate per kilometer driven is roughly the same as for the larger European models.

Since most European cars average more miles per gallon of gasoline than American cars, it naturally follows that the cost per kilometer for these models will be less, but the greater seating capacity of the large American cars will equalize this, provided your group is sufficiently large to fill a 7-passenger limousine.

Bumblebees can thus suffer severely from the onslaughts of Psithyrus, the `` cuckoo-bumblebee '' as it is called in some European countries.

The scheme, in theory, is an ingenious adaptation of European registration systems to the conditions of African life.

But where the core of NATO is concerned, the Secretary of State has not only reiterated the United States' profound attachment to the alliance, `` cornerstone '' of its foreign policy, but has announced that five nuclear submarines will eventually be at NATO's disposal in European waters.

Balenciaga is her favorite European designer.

There can be no doubt that the American Catholic accomplishment in the field of higher education is most impressive: our European brethren never cease to marvel at the number and the size of our colleges and universities.

This is similar to the notion of chivalry, but unlike that European concept, in i ' thar attention is focused on everything in existence.

Socio-cultural anthropology is considered anthropology proper in most of Europe, and in the parts of the world that were influenced by the European tradition.

In some European countries, all cultural anthropology is known as ethnology ( a term coined and defined by Adam F. Kollár in 1783 ).

It is a popular belief that alchemists made contributions to the " chemical " industries of the day — ore testing and refining, metalworking, production of gunpowder, ink, dyes, paints, cosmetics, leather tanning, ceramics, glass manufacture, preparation of extracts, liquors, and so on ( it seems that the preparation of aqua vitae, the " water of life ", was a fairly popular " experiment " among European alchemists ).

The Sargasso Sea contains large amounts of seaweed and is also the spawning ground for both the European eel and the American eel.

The road between Lubango and Namibe, for example, was completed recently with funding from the European Union, and is comparable to many European main routes.

Most European domestic power supplies run at 230 V, so the current drawn by a particular European appliance ( in Europe ) will be less than for an equivalent American one ( in the United States ).< ref group =" Note "> The formula for power is given by