A smaller, less expensive model, the KS10, was introduced in 1978, using TTL and Am2901 bit-slice components and including the PDP-11 Unibus to connect peripherals.

TTL became popular with electronic systems designers after Texas Instruments introduced the 5400 series of ICs, with military temperature range, in 1964 and the later 7400 series, specified over a narrower range, and with inexpensive plastic packages in 1966.

The 1973 Xerox Alto and 1981 Star workstations, which introduced the graphical user interface, used TTL circuits integrated at the level of ALUs and bitslices, respectively.

* Schottky TTL ( S ), introduced in 1969, which used Schottky diode clamps at gate inputs to prevent charge storage and improve switching time.

First introduced in the 500 ELX, TTL / OTF ( through the lens / off the film ) flash metering was also a feature of the 503CX, which was replaced by the 503CXi and finally the 503CW.

The final metering prism for the Nikon F, the Photomic FTn, introduced in 1968, provided 60 % center-weighted TTL which became the standard metering pattern for Nikon cameras for decades afterwards.

They were introduced by RCA as CD4000 COS / MOS series in 1968, as a lower power and more versatile alternative to the 7400 series of TTL logic chips.

Before PALs were introduced, designers of digital logic circuits would use small-scale integration ( SSI ) components, such as those in the 7400 series TTL ( transistor-transistor logic ) family ; the 7400 family included a variety of logic building blocks, such as gates ( NOT, NAND, NOR, AND, OR ), multiplexers ( MUXes ) and demultiplexers ( DEMUXes ), flip flops ( D-type, JK, etc.

Texas Instruments introduced 5400 Series TTL family in 1964.

A faster logic family called Fast ( Schottky ) ( F ) was also introduced that was faster than normal Schottky TTL.

AMP was the most important advance in exposure control since built-in, through-the-lens ( TTL ) light meters were introduced by the Topcon Super D ( in the USA / Canada ; RE Super in the rest of the world ) in 1963.

The major improvements in the FE2 compared to the FE are silicon photodiode light meter sensors, internal printed circuit electronics, provision for through-the-lens ( TTL ) off-the-film ( OTF ) electronic flash automation ( essentially identical to the system introduced in the Nikon FG in 1982 ) and a quartz oscillator timed, bearing-mounted, titanium-bladed shutter reaching an ultra-fast top speed of 1 / 4000th second ( plus world's fastest X-sync to 1 / 250th second ).

CTC decided to re-implement the new version of the terminal using discrete TTL instead of waiting for a single chip CPU.

In 2000, TTL was wound down and two new organisations were created.

In the early days of large-scale IC development, a prototype of a new large-scale integrated circuit might have been developed using TTL chips on several circuit boards, before committing to manufacture of the target device in IC form.

Another more advanced method is to attach a TTL to the modem's RS-232 adapter, and get access to the modem's console directly to make it download new firmware, which can then be configured via a simple web interface.

Because of the incompatibility of the CD4000 series of chips with the previous TTL family, a new standard emerged which combined the best of the TTL family with the advantages of the CD4000 family.

One major improvement was to combine CMOS inputs and TTL drivers to form of a new type of logic devices called BiCMOS logic, of which the LVT and ALVT logic families are the most important.

Uses TTL (' Fast ' series ) gates for drivers and the Backplane Connectors are DIN41612 type C. Multibus II is not yet considered obsolete, but considered mature ; however it is not recommended for new designs.

The continuous process of monitoring, analyzing, redesigning and implementing is used to intensify TTL value production as conditions change and new opportunities emerge.

Taiwan Beer ( 台灣啤酒, Táiwān Píjǐu, or 台啤, TáiPí ) is brewed by the Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation ( TTL, 台灣菸酒公司 Táiwān Yānjiǔ Gōngsī ).

Its successor, the Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation ( TTL, 台灣菸酒公司 Táiwān Yānjiǔ Gōngsī ), is a publicly owned company that competes in the marketplace.

The iconic status of the Taiwan Beer brand in Taiwanese society is reinforced by TTL marketing strategies.

* Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation ( TTL )-Official Site

" Beer fight is about politics: TTL.

The time for which a resolver caches a DNS response is determined by a value called the time to live ( TTL ) associated with every record.

The TTL is set by the administrator of the DNS server handing out the authoritative response.

For example, every device ( such as an intermediate router ) forwarding an IP datagram first decrements the time to live ( TTL ) field in the IP header by one.

The tracert ( traceroute ), Pathping commands are implemented by transmitting UDP datagrams with specially set IP TTL header fields, and looking for ICMP Time to live exceeded in transit ( above ) and " Destination unreachable " messages generated in response.

For small-scale logic, designers now use prefabricated logic gates from families of devices such as the TTL 7400 series by Texas Instruments and the CMOS 4000 series by RCA, and their more recent descendants.

In 1973, the KA10 was replaced by the KI10, which used TTL SSI.

They are activated by AC control signals or DC control signals from Programmable logic controller ( PLCs ), PCs, Transistor-transistor logic ( TTL ) sources, or other microprocessor and microcontroller controls.

Traceroute works by increasing the TTL value of each successive set of packets sent.

The TTL field is set by the sender of the datagram, and reduced by every router on the route to its destination.

The purpose of the TTL field is to avoid a situation in which an undeliverable datagram keeps circulating on an Internet system, and such a system eventually becoming swamped by such " immortals ".

In theory, under IPv4, time to live is measured in seconds, although every host that passes the datagram must reduce the TTL by at least one unit.

In practice, the TTL field is reduced by one on every hop.

When a caching ( recursive ) nameserver queries the authoritative nameserver for a resource record, it will cache that record for the time ( in seconds ) specified by the TTL.

TTL values are " per record " and setting this value on specific records is normally honored automatically by all standard DNS systems world-wide.

After introduction in integrated circuit form in 1963 by Sylvania, TTL integrated circuits were manufactured by several semiconductor companies, with the 7400 series by Texas Instruments becoming particularly popular.

TTL was invented in 1961 by James L. Buie of TRW, " particularly suited to the newly developing integrated circuit design technology ", and it was originally named transistor-coupled transistor logic ( TCTL ).

The first commercial integrated-circuit TTL devices were manufactured by Sylvania in 1963, called the Sylvania Universal High-Level Logic family ( SUHL ).

TTL also became important because its low cost made digital techniques economically practical for tasks previously done by analog methods.

The main disadvantage of TTL with a simple output stage is the relatively high output resistance at output logical " 1 " that is completely determined by the output collector resistor.

At low input voltage, the TTL input sources current which must be absorbed by the previous stage.

A TTL input signal is defined as " low " when between 0 V and 0. 8 V with respect to the ground terminal, and " high " when between 2. 2 V and 5 V ( precise logic levels vary slightly between sub-types and by temperature ).