Tattooing has been practiced for centuries in many cultures spread throughout the world, particularly those found in Asia.

Tattooing was legalized by the occupation forces in 1948, but has retained its image of criminality.

Tattooing is sometimes used to replace the areola which has been removed during mastectomy, or to fill in areas of pigment loss which may occur during breast reduction performed with a free nipple graft technique.

Tattooing ( Tiipe ) and the stuffing of large nose plugs ( yaping hullo ) were once popular among the women, although this practice has gradually fallen into decline in recent years.

Tattooing had been a practice reserved for members of higher castes, and the Spanish had tried on numerous occasions to banish the practice.

Tattooing for women began when they reached maturity, or menstruation, at about age twenty.

Tattooing for spiritual and decorative purposes in Japan is thought to extend back to at least the Jōmon or paleolithic period ( approximately 10, 000 BC ).

" Tattooing and Piercing Among the Alaskan Aleut.

Tattooing was widespread among Polynesians and among certain tribal groups in Taiwan, Philippines, Borneo, Mentawai Islands, Africa, North America, South America, Mesoamerica, Europe, Japan, Cambodia, New Zealand and Micronesia.

Tattooing is a tradition among many indigenous people.

* Buckland, A. W. ( 1887 ) " On Tattooing ," in Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 1887 / 12, p. 318-328

Tattooing the Body, Marking Culture.

* Gustafson, Mark ( 1997 ) " Inscripta in fronte: Penal Tattooing in Late Antiquity ," in Classical Antiquity, April 1997, Vol.

* Hambly, Wilfrid Dyson ( 1925 ) The History of Tattooing and Its Significance: With Some Account of Other Forms of Corporal Marking, London: H. F .& G. Witherby ( reissued: Detroit 1974 )

* Jones, C. P. ( 1987 ) " Stigma: Tattooing and Branding in Graeco-Roman Antiquity ," in Journal of Roman Studies, 77 / 1987, pp. 139 – 155

* Lombroso, Cesare ( 1896 ) " The Savage Origin of Tattooing ," in Popular Science Monthly, Vol.

* Sanders, Clinton R. ( 1989 ) Customizing the Body: the Art and Culture of Tattooing.

* Sinclair, A. T. ( 1909 ) " Tattooing of the North American Indians ," in American Anthropologist 1909 / 11, No. 3, p. 362-400

Tattooing is associated with two to threefold increased risk of.

Besides I heard her old uncle that stays there has been doin' it ''.

Southern resentment has been over the method of its ending, the invasion, and Reconstruction ; ;

The situation of the South since 1865 has been unique in the western world.

The North should thank its stars that such has been the case ; ;

As it is, they consider that the North is now reaping the fruits of excess egalitarianism, that in spite of its high standard of living the `` American way '' has been proved inferior to the English and Scandinavian ways, although they disapprove of the socialistic features of the latter.

In what has aptly been called a `` constitutional revolution '', the basic nature of government was transformed from one essentially negative in nature ( the `` night-watchman state '' ) to one with affirmative duties to perform.

For lawyers, reflecting perhaps their parochial preferences, there has been a special fascination since then in the role played by the Supreme Court in that transformation -- the manner in which its decisions altered in `` the switch in time that saved nine '', President Roosevelt's ill-starred but in effect victorious `` Court-packing plan '', the imprimatur of judicial approval that was finally placed upon social legislation.

Labor relations have been transformed, income security has become a standardized feature of political platforms, and all the many facets of the American version of the welfare state have become part of the conventional wisdom.

Historically, however, the concept is one that has been of marked benefit to the people of the Western civilizational group.

In recent weeks, as a result of a sweeping defense policy reappraisal by the Kennedy Administration, basic United States strategy has been modified -- and large new sums allocated -- to meet the accidental-war danger and to reduce it as quickly as possible.

The malignancy of such a landscape has been beautifully described by the Australian Charles Bean.

There has probably always been a bridge of some sort at the southeastern corner of the city.

Even though in most cases the completion of the definitive editions of their writings is still years off, enough documentation has already been assembled to warrant drawing a new composite profile of the leadership which performed the heroic dual feats of winning American independence and founding a new nation.

Madison once remarked: `` My life has been so much a public one '', a comment which fits the careers of the other six.

Thus we are compelled to face the urbanization of the South -- an urbanization which, despite its dramatic and overwhelming effects upon the Southern culture, has been utterly ignored by the bulk of Southern writers.

But the South is, and has been for the past century, engaged in a wide-sweeping urbanization which, oddly enough, is not reflected in its literature.

An example of the changes which have crept over the Southern region may be seen in the Southern Negro's quest for a position in the white-dominated society, a problem that has been reflected in regional fiction especially since 1865.

In the meantime, while the South has been undergoing this phenomenal modernization that is so disappointing to the curious Yankee, Southern writers have certainly done little to reflect and promote their region's progress.

Faulkner culminates the Southern legend perhaps more masterfully than it has ever been, or could ever be, done.

The `` approximate '' is important, because even after the order of the work has been established by the chance method, the result is not inviolable.

But it has been during the last two centuries, during the scientific revolution, that our independence from the physical environment has made the most rapid strides.

In the life sciences, there has been an enormous increase in our understanding of disease, in the mechanisms of heredity, and in bio- and physiological chemistry.

Even in domains where detailed and predictive understanding is still lacking, but where some explanations are possible, as with lightning and weather and earthquakes, the appropriate kind of human action has been more adequately indicated.

The persistent horror of having a malformed child has, I believe, been reduced, not because we have gained any control over this misfortune, but precisely because we have learned that we have so little control over it.