Christians believe that God has established a new covenant with people through Jesus, as recorded in the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, Epistles, and other books collectively called the New Testament ( the word testament attributed to Tertullian is commonly interchanged with the word covenant ).

An earlier example has been suggested in Tertullian < u > De Corona Militis xi </ u >, " Apud hunc Christum tam miles est paganus fidelis quam paganus est miles infidelis ," but here the word paganus may be interpreted in the sense " civilian " rather than " heathen ".

Traducianism was initially developed by Tertullian and arguably propagated by Augustine of Hippo, and has been endorsed by Gregory of Nyssa, Anastasius Sinaita, Hilary of Poitiers, Ambrose of Milan, many in the early Catholic Church ), various Lutheran churches, and some modern theologians such as Augustus H. Strong ( Baptist ), W. G. T. Shedd and Gordon Clark ( Presbyterian ), Lewis Sperry Chafer, Millard Erickson, Norman L. Geisler, Robert Culver, and Robert L. Reymond.

Tertullian has been called " the father of Latin Christianity " and " the founder of Western theology.

Further, Tertullian has been thought to be a lawyer based on his use of legal analogies and an identification of him with the jurist Tertullianus, who is quoted in the Pandects.

Kelly has stated: " Tertullian followed the Apologists in dating His “ perfect generation ” from His extrapolation for the work of creation ; prior to that moment God could not strictly be said to have had a Son, while after it the term “ Father ”, which for earlier theologians generally connoted God as author of reality, began to acquire the specialized meaning of Father and Son .".

As regards the subjects of subordination of the Son to the Father, the New Catholic Encyclopedia has commented: " In not a few areas of theology, Tertullian ’ s views are, of course, completely unacceptable.

Among Church writers Tertullian († 230 ) is the first to mention prayers for the dead, and not as a concession to natural sentiment, but as a duty: The widow who does not pray for her dead husband has as good as divorced him.

Tertullian has addressed the charges and demonstrated that the charges faced by Christians are based on lies and rumors and that no such things have been committed.

After all he has demonstrated, Tertullian marvels at how the pagan prosecutors still claim that being a Christian is a crime against the empire.

Tertullian wrote a tract against them which has not survived.

Some Christian writers such as Tertullian flatly rejected classical standards of rhetoric ; " what has Athens to do with Jerusalem?

Tertullian, an influential early Christian theologian and apologist, believed that philosophy has little to do with theology, arguing that the use of philosophy often corrupted theology, leading to unorthodox beliefs that were not grounded in the early Christian tradition.

Citing the possibly first-century Didache and the Letter of Barnabas of about the same period, the Epistle to Diognetus and Tertullian, the Catholic Church declares that " since the first century the Church has affirmed the moral evil of every procured abortion.

So many Catholic Christian apologists wrote treatises against Marcion after his death, in addition to the noted work of Tertullian, that it has been possible to reconstruct almost the whole of Marcion's Gospel of the Lord from their quotations.

In his Scorpiace of 208 CE, Tertullian wrote, " No delay or inquest will meet Christians on the threshold … For though you think that heaven is still shut up, remember that the Lord left the keys of it to Peter here, and through him to the Church, which keys everyone will carry with him, if he has been questioned and made confession faith.

This may have been the Roman tradition — which Tertullian usually follows — and in Rome the epistle may have had its first readers.

It is recorded by Irenaeus, who heard him speak in his youth, and by Tertullian, that he had been a disciple of John the Apostle.

Tertullian, " On Monogamy " ch. vi quotes a brief phrase —" follow the better things "— from 3 John 1. 11 " Beloved, imitate not that which is evil, but that which is good ", a phrase that might also have been adapted from the Septuagint Psalm xxxvi.

Tertullian wrote in his book On Patience 5: 15 " Having been made pregnant by the seed of the devil ... she brought forth a son.

There have been many works attributed to Tertullian in the past which have since been determined to be almost definitely written by others.

Perpetua and Felicitas ), much of it the personal diary of St. Perpetua, was once assumed to have been edited by Tertullian.

According to Tertullian, Clement was consecrated by Saint Peter, and he is known to have been a leading member of the church in Rome in the late 1st century.

Plutarch, however claims that the children were already dead at the time, having been killed by their parents, whose consent — as well as that of the children — was required ; Tertullian explains the acquiescence of the children as a product of their youthful trustfulness.

Eusebius ( 325 ), although he mentions an Acta Pilati that had been referred to by Justin and Tertullian and other pseudo-Acts of this kind, shows no acquaintance with this work.

The Carthaginian Tertullian ( c. 160 – c. 220 ) compared Noah's dove, who " announced to the world the assaugement of divine wrath, when she had been sent out of the ark and returned with the olive branch " with the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove that descends in baptism, " bringing us the peace of God, sent out from the heavens ".

They have been interpreted as children of Joseph and Mary, a view put forward by Tertullian and perhaps by Hegesippus, but that, when proposed by Helvidius, met with opposition from Jerome, who was apparently voicing the general Christian opinion at the time.

), and consequently, the laws to which Tertullian took exception were those under which the Christians of the 1st and 2nd centuries had been convicted.

4 June 2012 < http :// www. oxfordreference. com / views / ENTRY. html? subview = Main & entry = t95. e5690 ></ ref > Its readership is likely to have been composed of Christians, whose faith was reinforced through Tertullian's defense against rationalizations and rumours and who “ would have been hugely enheartened by Tertullian ’ s matchless confidence in the superiority of the Christian religion ”.

While the keeping of the Blessed Sacrament outside of Mass seems to have been part of the Eucharistic Christian practice from the beginnings ( both Justin Martyr and Tertullian refer to it ), the practice of adoration began somewhat later.

Tertullian ( c. 160-c. 220 ) compared Noah's dove in the Hebrew Bible, who " announced to the world the assuagement of divine wrath, when she had been sent out of the ark and returned with the olive branch ".

The Martyrs trial and execution took place in Carthage under the Pro-consul Vigellius Saturninus, whom Tertullian declares to have been the first persecutor of Christians in Africa.

Cyprian and Tertullian famously accused the Modalistic Monarchians of patripassianism.

In his attempt to make the Romans acknowledge their engagement in these acts, Tertullian hopes to demonstrate that Christians behave much differently from what they are accused of and that the charges should not hold.

It is evident from these particulars that Abrasax was the name of the first of the 365 Archons, and accordingly stood below Sophia and Dynamis and their progenitors ; but his position is not expressly stated, so that the writer of the supplement to Tertullian had some excuse for confusing him with " the Supreme God.

" It is noteworthy that all of the images so mentioned by Tertullian and Clement were common Greco-Roman depictions used by non-Christians ; but Christians adopted them for their own use, even giving a specifically Christian significance to some of them.

The Against Marcion is lost, as is the Refutation of all Heresies to which Justin himself refers in Apology, i. 26 ; Hegesippus, besides perhaps Irenaeus and Tertullian, seems to have used it.

Tertullian ( c. 160 – c. 225 ), who wrote in Latin, also understood (" I will ascend above the tops of the clouds ; I will make myself like the Most High ") as spoken by the Devil, but " Lucifer " is not among the numerous names and phrases he used to describe the Devil.

It is an old error to suppose that Tertullian attacked this in his ' De pudicitia ', but Tertullian is referring to the remission of sins, not to the reception of converts, and was probably writing ten years earlier ; the bishop he criticizes is much more likely to be the bishop of Carthage than the bishop of Rome.

It was coined by Tertullian in his work Adversus Praxeas, Chapter I, " By this Praxeas did a twofold service for the devil at Rome: he drove away prophecy, and he brought in heresy ; he put to flight the Paraclete, and he crucified the Father.

( For example, Tertullian taught that Christians should never flee from persecution, and that widows who remarried were committing adultery ; both teachings contradicted the epistles and actions of the Apostle Paul.

# In soteriology, Tertullian does not dogmatize ; he prefers to keep silence at the mystery of the cross ( De Patientia, iii ).

* T. D. Barnes, Tertullian: A literary and historical study Oxford, 1971 ; reprinted with appendix of revisions 1985.

A common misconception is that Tertullian decisively left the orthodox church and joined a separate Montanist sect ; in fact, he remained a catholic Christian.

Tertullian took a euhemerizing approach in explaining why the gods of the Romans kept multiplying ; they were all, he said, merely people ( homines ) with birthplaces ( civitatibus, in quibus nati sunt ) and tombs ( sepulti ).

* Tertullian: Early Church Fathers – Additional Texts ( John Selby Watson's translation of 1853 ; also a translation of the Prologi of Trogus, by the webmaster Roger Pearse.

It is the term given to the predominant form of the New Testament text witnessed in the Old Latin translation from the Greek ; and also in quotations from certain 2nd and 3rd-century Christian writers, including Cyprian, Tertullian and Irenaeus.

The epithets that can be identified are: Cozeuios, i. e. Conseuius the Sower, which opens the carmen and is attested as an old form of Consivius in Tertullian ; Patultius: the Opener ; Iancus or Ianeus: the Gatekeeper ; Duonus Cerus: the Good Creator ; rex king ( potissimum melios eum recum: the most powerful and best o ' em kings ); diuum patrem ( partem ): father of the gods ( or part of the gods ); diuum deus: god of the gods ; ianitos: the Janitor, Gatekeeper.

Tertullian, in several places, speaks of this book with esteem ; and would persuade us, that it was preserved by Noah during the deluge.

* Tertullian: Tertullian was a philosopher before he converted to Christianity ; after that change of direction he remained a prolific writer in the second century A. D., and is commonly called the " Father of the Western Church.