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Thalidomide is a drug, first prepared in 1957 in Germany, prescribed for treating morning sickness in pregnant women.
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Thalidomide and is
Thalidomide is currently used for the treatment of other diseases, notably cancer and leprosy.
* February 16 – The Court of Appeal of England and Wales rules that the Sunday Times can publish articles on Thalidomide and Distillers Company, despite ongoing legal actions by parents ( the decision is overturned in July by the House of Lords ).
Thalidomide () is a sedative drug introduced in the late 1950s that was used to treat morning sickness and to aid sleep.
This compensation, which is distributed by the Thalidomide Trust in the UK, was substantially increased by Diageo in 2005.
Thalidomide is available to only a small number of patients in the UK, in general in specialist cancer treatment centres where research trials are taking place and where specialist doctors have experience in its use.
Thalidomide may reduce the levels of TNFα, and it is possible that the drug's effect on ENL is caused by this mechanism.
Thalidomide also inhibits the growth of new blood vessels ( angiogenesis ); this inhibition, which is suspected as a prime cause of the inhibition of normal development and growth of limbs, may be useful in treating macular degeneration and other diseases.
Thalidomide is also being investigated for treating prostate cancer, glioblastoma, lymphoma, arachnoiditis, Behçet's disease, and Crohn's disease.
Thalidomide is racemic – it contains both left-and right-handed isomers in equal amounts.
Thalidomide binds to and inactivates the protein cereblon, which is important in limb formation and leads to a teratogenic effect on fetal development.
Thalidomide embryopathy is characterized by variable degree of reduction deformities of the limbs, malformations of the ear, deafness, phocomelia, Fallot tetralogy, inguinal hernia, recto-vaginal fistula, cryptorchid testes, ectopic kidneys, absent or hypoplastic humerus, absent digits and many other developmental anomalies.
* October 1-The drug Thalidomide is launched as a sedative by Grünenthal GmbH.
* Thalidomide is withdrawn from sale.
Thalidomide, famous for its adverse effects, is one result of this research.
Thalidomide is known to cause PFFD when the mother is exposed to it in the fifth or sixth week of pregnancy, and it is speculated that exposure to other toxins during pregnancy may also be a cause.
Thalidomide and drug
Thalidomide, launched by Grünenthal on 1 October 1957, was found to act as an effective tranquilizer and painkiller, and was proclaimed a " wonder drug " for insomnia, coughs, colds, and headaches.
Thalidomide has been used by Brazilian physicians as the drug of choice for the treatment of severe ENL since 1965.
Thalidomide became an over the counter drug in Germany around 1960, and could be purchased without a prescription.
In the 1960s, in reaction to the Thalidomide tragedy, further laws were passed requiring safety testing on pregnant animals before a drug can be sold.
This turned into a campaign for the newspaper's Insight investigative team, and Evans himself took on the drug companies responsible for the manufacture of Thalidomide, pursuing them through the English courts and eventually gaining victory in the European Court of Human Rights.
In the 1960s, Grünenthal became infamous through the development and sale of the teratogenic drug Thalidomide.
Experts estimate that the drug Thalidomide led to the death of approximately 2, 000 children and serious birth defects in more than 10, 000 children, about 5, 000 of them in Western Germany.
Thalidomide and first
Starkweather was also featured in Billy Joel's song " We Didn't Start the Fire ", referenced in the first part of the line " Starkweather homicide, children of Thalidomide.
Structured settlements were first utilized in Canada after a settlement for children affected by Thalidomide.
Thalidomide and 1957
Thalidomide was released into the market in 1957 in West Germany under the label of Contergan.
The company invented and marketed Thalidomide as Contergan in 1957.
Thalidomide and Germany
Thalidomide was originally developed and prescribed as a cure for morning sickness in West Germany, but its use was discontinued when it was found to cause birth defects.
As a result of the Thalidomide scandal, the Health Law in Germany was strengthened and new requirements for pharmaceutical testings were created ; and the Federal Ministry of Health was established in 1962.
Thalidomide and prescribed
Dr McBride published a letter in The Lancet, in December 1961, noting a large number of birth defects in children of patients who were prescribed Thalidomide.
Thalidomide and for
The result was followed by more favorable experiences for the actual leprosy itself, and he followed by getting a Thalidomide clinical trial for leprosy.
Thalidomide has been tested in humans as a single agent for the treatment of multiple myeloma due to its antiangiogenic activity.
*" The Big Pitch: How would you conduct a campaign for the new Thalidomide Drugs?
As well as taking through administrative reforms of the NHS in two Acts of Parliament, he negotiated a settlement of compensation for the victims of Thalidomide and introduced new rights for current and former service personnel injured in the line of duty to get priority treatment from the NHS.
One such report was about the plight of hundreds of British Thalidomide children who had never had any compensation for severe birth defects some had suffered.
In the U. S., the FDA refused to approve Thalidomide for sale.
By this time the company stated that Thalidomide was not recommended for use during pregnancy as such.
He also co-founded the Disability Alliance in response to the Thalidomide scandal, and chaired it for 25 years.
Thalidomide and treating
Thalidomide has also been found to be effective in treating actinic prurigo, an autoimmune skin disease.
Thalidomide and .
* July 30 – Damages totalling £ 485, 528 are awarded to 28 Thalidomide victims.
Thalidomide was developed by German pharmaceutical company Grünenthal in Stolberg near Aachen.
The UK Government gave survivors a grant of £ 20 million, to be distributed through the Thalidomide Trust, in December 2009.
Thalidomide was later reported to be effective against multiple myeloma, particularly in combination with dexamethasone.
Thalidomide also has potent anti-inflammatory effects that may help ENL patients.
Thalidomide has been used in chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood ( CBDC ) with encouraging results.
Thalidomide may be able to fight painful, debilitating aphthous lesions in the mouth and esophagus of AIDS patients that prevent them from eating.
The FDA formed a Thalidomide Working Group in 1994 to provide consistency between its divisions, with particular emphasis on safety monitoring.
Thalidomide may also cause side effects, such as polyneuropathy, fatigue, skin rash, and venous thromboembolism ( VTE ), or blood clots, which could lead to stroke or myocardial infarction.
* Thalidomide monograph from Chemical and Engineering News.
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