As our radius of penetration, R, increases, the area of new knowledge increases by Af, and the total of human knowledge becomes measured in terms of Af.

For United States expenditures under subsections ( A ), ( B ), ( D ), ( E ), ( F ), ( H ) through ( R ) of Section 104 of the Act or under any of such subsections, the rupee equivalent of $200 million.

Companies of all types have made great advances in production capabilities and efficiencies -- in modern equipment and new processes, enlarged R & D facilities, faster new product development.

M & R Dietetic Laboratories, Inc., Columbus, gives all its workers a facsimile checkbook -- each check showing the amount the company spends on a particular fringe.

Many companies have systems, particularly in R & D, which work more or less well, depending upon size and actual belief in the policy on the part of administration, as will be abundantly apparent in subsequent quotations.

We have set up a central R & D department, as well as engineering-management departments -- about 80 people working on problems related to those of our plants.

`` Above these jobs we have chief engineer for the company and vice-president of Engrg, R & Aj.

Paper electrophoresis was carried out on the concentrated samples in a Spinco model R cell using barbital buffer, pH 8.6, ionic strength 0.075, at room temperature on Whatman 3MM filter paper.

We say that N is nilpotent if there is some positive integer R such that Af.

for, using the fact that N and N' commute Af and so when R is sufficiently large every term in this expression for Af will be 0.

Since Af are linearly independent functions and the exponential function has no zeros, these R functions Af, form a basis for the space of solutions.

Some predictions had been made concerning factors R, N, I and Co on these inventories which appeared to be directly related to control and security aspects of personality functioning which were hypothesized as being of importance in differential Kohnstamm reactivity.

The action and reaction forces are R and Af, respectively, and are equal and opposite in direction.

An analysis of the vector relationships shows that the rake angle **yc and the friction angle **yt determine the vector direction Af of the force resultants R and Af.

It is difficult to measure the direction and magnitude of R directly.

This is not a constant value like Af, but varies with the thickness of the coating and the direction and magnitude of the resultants R and Af of Fig. 6.

If the rake angle **yc of the knife is high enough and the friction angle **yt between the front of the knife and the back of the chip is low enough to give a positive value for Af, the resultant vector R will lie above the plane of the substrate.

A sufficiently good approximation for determining the end reflection losses R can be obtained from the angle independent Fresnel formula: Af.

Moreover, by systematically varying the operating conditions in the first stage and always using the optimal Af-stage policy for the remaining stages, we shall eventually find the optimal policy for all R stages.

If all the operating variables were varied simultaneously, Af operations would be required to do the same job, and as R increases this increases very much more rapidly than the number of operations required by the dynamic program.

But even more important than this is the fact that the direct search by simultaneously varying all operating conditions has produced only one optimal policy, namely, that for the given feed state and R stages.

But Af is vastly larger than R.

Consider the process illustrated in Fig. 2.1, consisting of R distinct stages.

These will be numbered in the direction opposite to the flow of the process stream, so that stage R is the T stage from the end.

Let the state of the stream leaving stage R be denoted by a vector Af and the operating variables of stage R by Af.

The finale reveals that " Hummin " is actually Cleon's first minister Eto Demerzel, who we later learn is in fact the robot R. Daneel Olivaw.

* Da-Nee and Ba-Lee Refers to R. Daneel Olivaw and the Baley family, respectively ( see below and in the Robot series article ).

* R. Daneel Olivaw is the true name of Eto Demerzel and Chetter Hummin.

They land on there and find R. Daneel Olivaw, who explains that he has been paternalistically manipulating humanity for many millennia, and indeed, since Elijah Baley's time, which was long before the Galactic Empire or Foundation.

R. Daneel Olivaw's role in the events of that novel would later be described in the prequels.

Upon approaching the planet, they are drawn closer and then to inside the Moon's core where they meet a robot by the name of R. Daneel Olivaw.

However, when Asimov decided decades later to retroactively integrate the universe of his Foundation and Galactic Empire novels with that of his Robot stories, a number of changes and minor discrepancies surfaced — the character R. Daneel Olivaw was established as having existed for some 20, 000 years, with the original Robot novels featuring the character occurring not more than a couple of millennia after the early-21st century Susan Calvin short stories.

The first four robot novels The Caves of Steel ( 1953 ), The Naked Sun ( 1956 ), The Robots of Dawn ( 1983 ), and Robots and Empire ( 1985 ) make up the Elijah Baley ( sometimes " Lije Baley ") series, and are mysteries starring the Terran Elijah Baley and his humaniform robot partner, R. Daneel Olivaw.

It was the Zoromes, then, who were the spiritual ancestors of my own " positronic robots ," all of them, from Robbie to R. Daneel.

Asimov later integrated the Robot Series into his all-engulfing Foundation series, making R. Daneel Olivaw appear again twenty thousand years later in the age of the Galactic Empire, in sequels and prequels to the original Foundation trilogy ; and in the final book of the Robots series — Robots and Empire — we learn how the worlds that later formed the Empire were settled, and how Earth became radioactive ( which was first mentioned in Pebble in the Sky ).

In The Naked Sun, a major plot point is that R. Daneel is able to masquerade, on the planet Solaria, as a human Auroran and goes unrecognized by both robots and Solarian humans as a humaniform robot.

In these adaptations, Elijah Baley was portrayed by Peter Cushing ( The Caves of Steel ) and Paul Maxwell ( The Naked Sun ), R. Daneel Olivaw by John Carson ( The Caves of Steel ) and David Collings ( The Naked Sun ), and Susan Calvin by Beatrix Lehmann (" The Prophet ") and Wendy Gifford (" Liar !").

Robots, a 1988 television film based on Asimov's Robot Series, starred Stephen Rowe as Elijah Baley and Brent Barrett as R. Daneel Olivaw.

The robotic character R. Daneel Olivaw was the first to give the Zeroth Law a name in the novel Robots and Empire however the character Susan Calvin articulates the concept in the short story " The Evitable Conflict ".

Though he fails – it ultimately destroys his positronic brain as he is not certain whether his choice will turn out to be for the ultimate good of humanity or not – he gives his successor R. Daneel Olivaw his telepathic abilities.

In the officially licensed Foundation sequels Foundation's Fear, Foundation and Chaos and Foundation's Triumph ( by Gregory Benford, Greg Bear and David Brin respectively ) the future Galactic Empire is seen to be controlled by a conspiracy of humaniform robots who follow the Zeroth Law and led by R. Daneel Olivaw.

Zeroth-Law robots under the control of R. Daneel Olivaw are seen continually struggling with " First Law " robots who deny the existence of the Zeroth Law, promoting agendas different from Daneel's.

Daneel also comes into conflict with a robot known as R. Lodovic Trema whose positronic brain was infected by a rogue AI — specifically, a simulation of the long-dead Voltaire — which consequently frees Trema from the Three Laws.

The latter novel indicates that the robot R. Daneel Olivaw was constructed some three thousand years after the founding of New York City.

Asimov himself made comment ( through R. Daneel to Hari Seldon, in Prelude to Foundation ) that this is a sign of civilisational moribundity.

R. Daneel Olivaw is a fictional robot created by Isaac Asimov.

This ability is somewhat similar to the telepathic abilities possessed by R. Giskard Reventlov, although Daneel lacks Giskard's ability to also influence human emotion and thought.

Baley and Olivaw's last case together is one on Aurora, in The Robots of Dawn, where the victim of the murder is a humanoid robot, Jander, who is physically an exact likeness of R. Daneel Olivaw.

In the 1964 British television adaptation of The Caves of Steel ( an episode of the BBC2 series Story Parade ), R. Daneel Olivaw was played by John Carson ( actor ).