Whereas the usual organic surface-active agent is strongly sorbed at oil - water interfaces, the highly charged ions are most strongly sorbed at interfaces between water and insoluble materials exhibiting an ionic structure ( see Table 26-2 on p. 1678 ).

In the IUPAC naming system, " aqueous " is simply added to the name of the ionic compound.

Chemically, astatine behaves more or less as a halogen, being expected to form ionic astatides with alkali or alkaline earth metals ; it is known to form covalent compounds with nonmetals, including other halogens.

The color of amethyst has been demonstrated to result from substitution by irradiation of trivalent iron ( Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup >) for silicon in the structure, in the presence of trace elements of large ionic radius, and, to a certain extent, the amethyst color can naturally result from displacement of transition elements even if the iron concentration is low.

In chemistry, an alkali (; from Arabic: al-qaly القلي, القالي ) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal element.

The atom is also the smallest entity that can be envisaged to retain the chemical properties of the element, such as electronegativity, ionization potential, preferred oxidation state ( s ), coordination number, and preferred types of bonds to form ( e. g., metallic, ionic, covalent ).

Calcium is the fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the human body, where it is a common cellular ionic messenger with many functions, and serves also as a structural element in bone.

The CsCl structure is preferred because Cs < sup >+</ sup > has an ionic radius of 174 pm and 181 pm.

In continuum mechanics a body is considered stress-free if the only forces present are those inter-atomic forces ( ionic, metallic, and van der Waals forces ) required to hold the body together and to keep its shape in the absence of all external influences, including gravitational attraction.

In a simplified view of an ionic bond, the bonding electron is not shared at all, but transferred.

If we take the simple valence bond structure and mix in all possible covalent and ionic structures arising from a particular set of atomic orbitals, we reach what is called the full configuration interaction wave function.

A column of the ionic order is nine or lower diameters.

The naming of ionic carbides is not systematic.

For historical reasons, many point defects, especially in ionic crystals, are called centers: for example a vacancy in many ionic solids is called a luminescence center, a color center, or F-center.

A vacancy ( or pair of vacancies in an ionic solid ) is sometimes called a Schottky defect.

Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor ( a metal or a semiconductor ) and an ionic conductor ( the electrolyte ), and which involve electron transfer between the electrode and the electrolyte or species in solution.

Formally, oxidation state is the hypothetical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100 % ionic.

The attraction of the differently charged sodium and chlorine ions is the reason they then form an ionic bond.

The simplest ionic conduction path is to provide a liquid junction.

According to valence bond theory, of which Pauling was a notable proponent, this " additional stabilization " of the heteronuclear bond is due to the contribution of ionic canonical forms to the bonding.

The covalent energy of a bond is approximately, by quantum mechanical calculations, the geometric mean of the two energies of covalent bonds of the same molecules ( which is approximately equal to the arithmetic mean-which is applied in the first formula above-as the energies are of the similar value, except for the highly electropositive elements i. e. when there is a larger difference of two dissociation energies, but the geometric mean is more accurate and almost always gives a positive excess energy, due to ionic bonding ), and there is an additional energy that comes from ionic factors, i. e. polar character of the bond.

Alkyl halides react with ionic nucleophiles ( e. g. cyanide, thiocyanate, azide ); the halogen is replaced by the respective group.

At the beginning of the 5th century BC a large ionic temple from thassian marble replaced the archaic one.

An alkoxide ( RO < sup >–</ sup >) is the ionic or salt form ; it is a derivative of an alcohol where the proton has been replaced by a metal, typically sodium.

The original network, with its nonpolar, covalent bonds, is replaced by an ionomeric structure, held together by ionic interactions.

When certain ionic compounds containing bromine are mixed with potassium permanganate ( KMnO < sub > 4 </ sub >) and an acidic substance, they will form a pale brown cloud of bromine gas.

Of particular interest have been the genetic mechanisms by which cholera bacteria turn on the protein production of the toxins that interact with host cell mechanisms to pump chloride ions into the small intestine, creating an ionic pressure which prevents sodium ions from entering the cell.

A salt bridge ( e. g. filter paper soaked in KNO < sub > 3 </ sub >) is often employed to provide ionic contact between two half-cells with different electrolytes, to prevent the solutions from mixing and causing unwanted side reactions.

Bonds with partially ionic and partially covalent character are called polar covalent bonds.

Bonds with partially ionic and partially covalent character are called polar covalent bonds.

As with any other ionic compound, this complex ion could in principle pair with a counterion to form a salt.

Lithium has a diagonal relationship with magnesium, an element of similar atomic and ionic radius.

The cation-exchange resin column as well as the HDEHP solvent extraction column elution date is consistent with a trivalent state for Md and an ionic radius smaller than Fm.

Using the known ionic radii for the trivalent rare earths and the linear correlation of log distribution coefficient with ionic radius, an average ionic radius of 0. 089 nm was estimated for Md < sup > 3 +</ sup > and a heat of hydration of –( 3654 ± 12 ) kJ / mol calculated using empirical models and the Born-Haber cycle.

When a metal ore is an ionic compound of that metal and a non-metal, the ore must usually be smelted — heated with a reducing agent — to extract the pure metal.

Organometallic compounds with bonds that have characters in between ionic and covalent are very important in industry, as they are both relatively stable in solutions and relatively ionic to undergo reactions.

* Pure water has a low electrical conductivity, but this increases with the dissolution of a small amount of ionic material such as sodium chloride.

* Solvation or reaction of an ionic compound with a solvent ( such as water ) to produce mobile ions

It acts as a dependable reflector of radio signals as it is not affected by atmospheric conditions, although its ionic composition varies with the sunspot cycle.

Additionally, as the cells shrink, the solutes inside the cells are concentrated in the remaining water, increasing the intracellular ionic strength and interfering with the organization of the proteins and other organized intercellular structures.

Enthalpy of solvation can help explain why solvation occurs with some ionic lattices but not with others.