The Bank Charter Act 1844 began the process of restricting note issue to the Bank of England ; under this act, new banks were prohibited from issuing their own banknotes and existing note-issuing banks were not permitted to expand their issue.

However, the limitations of the 1844 Act only affected banks in England and Wales, and today three commercial banks in Scotland and four in Northern Ireland continue to issue their own sterling banknotes, regulated by the Bank of England.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

* January 8 – Nicholas Biddle, President of the Second Bank of the United States ( d. 1844 )

In 1844 the Bank Charter Act established that Bank of England notes, fully backed by gold, were the legal standard.

By 1844, Red Bank had become a commercial and manufacturing center, focused on textiles, tanning, furs, and other goods for sale in Manhattan.

Despite his earlier attitude, Lord Ashburton disapproved of Peel's free trade and opposed the Bank Charter Act of 1844.

The station opened on 8 May 1842 as Store Street station and as Bank Top station, terminus of the Manchester and Birmingham Railway, which shared it from August 1844 with the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway.

In 1844, ordinances were passed making the Union Bank banknotes legal tender and authorising the government to issue debentures in small denominations, thus creating two sets of legal tender.

Nicholas Biddle ( January 8, 1786 – February 27, 1844 ) was an American financier who served as the president of the Second Bank of the United States.

In 1844, Samuel Gray Ward of Boston, the American representative for Barings Bank of London, assembled tracts of land to create the first estate in Lenox.

The Bank of Ceylon was the first private bank to issue banknotes on the island ( 1844 ) and Treasury notes were withdrawn in 1856.

These were initially issued under British law until 1844 when the New Zealand Governor signed an ordinance allowing the Bank to issue bank notes but required that these be a minimum of 1 pound and redeemable at demand for gold or silver.

* Bank Buildings, Threadneedle Street, City of London ( 1764 – 66 ) demolished 1844

Elected Speaker of the House in 1843, 1844, and 1845, Moore worked closely with Governor Benjamin Fitzpatrick in the liquidation of the State Bank.

* Nicholas Biddle ( 1786 – 1844 ), president of the Second Bank of the United States

* Nicholas Biddle ( banker ) ( 1786 – 1844 ), American banker and President of the Second Bank of the United States

Nicholas Biddle ( 1786 – 1844 ) was chairman of the school ’ s building committee and president of the Second Bank of the United States in Philadelphia.

Breadalbane was also Rector of the University of Glasgow between 1840 and 1842 and of Marischal College, Aberdeen, between 1843 and 1845, President of the Society of Antiquaries between 1844 and 1862 and Governor of the Bank of Scotland between 1861 and 1862.

The influence of the " Free Banking School " declined significantly after Congleton's death in 1842, and the Bank Charter Act of 1844 eliminated the right of new banks in England and Wales to issue notes, thus consolidating the Bank of England's monopoly, which Congleton had opposed.

" He also edited the Rotuli de oblatis etfinibus ( 1835 ), which deal also with the time of King John ; the Rotuli Normanniae, 1200 – 1205, and 1417-1418 ( 1835 ), containing letters and grants of the English kings concerning the duchy of Normandy ; the Charter Rolls, Rotuli chartarum, 1295-1216 ( 1837 ), giving with this work an account of the structure of charters ; the Liberate Rolls, Rotuli de liberate ac de misis et praestitis regnante Johanne ( 1844 ); and the Modus tenendi parliamentum, with a translation ( 1846 ).

Established in 1844 by Royal Charter, its statutory duties are laid out in the 1966 Veterinary Surgeons Act.

The 1844 Charter regulates particular aspects of the College's management of its affairs and gives it the power to award Fellowships, Diplomas and Certificates to veterinary surgeons, veterinary nurses, and others engaged in " veterinary science and its auxiliary sciences ".

But in 1844 parliament passed the Bank Charter Act tying these notes to gold reserves, effectively creating the institution of central banking and monetary policy.

In 1844 the British Parliament passed the Joint Stock Companies Act, which allowed companies to incorporate without a royal charter or an Act of Parliament.

The county's boundaries were fixed by the Counties ( Detached Parts ) Act 1844 which eliminated exclaves.

This came under the jurisdiction of the County Palatine of Durham until the Counties ( Detached Parts ) Act 1844.

The Factory Act 1844 acted more against these industrialists than it did against the traditional stronghold of the Conservatives, the landed gentry, by restricting the number of hours that children and women could work in a factory, and setting rudimentary safety standards for machinery.

The Act creating the county of Marion of the Territory of Florida was signed on March 14, 1844, by the territorial governor, R. K. Call.

By 1846, Governor Brown ( 1844 ‑ 48 ), succeeded in establishing the Act.

This accident prompted Parliament to pass the 1844 Railway Regulation Act requiring railway companies to provide better carriages for passengers.

In the United Kingdom the Factory Act was revised six further times between 1844 and 1878 to help improve the condition of workers by limiting work hours and the use of child labor.

Harvey Washington Wiley ( October 18, 1844 – June 30, 1930 ) was a noted chemist best known for his leadership in the passage of the landmark Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and his subsequent work at the Good Housekeeping Institute laboratories.

Harrison Township was originally formed as Spicer Township by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 13, 1844, from portions of Greenwich Township and Woolwich Township.

Rockaway Township was incorporated as a township by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 8, 1844, from portions of Hanover Township and Pequannock Township.

Jackson Township was incorporated as a township by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 6, 1844, from portions of Dover Township ( now Toms River Township ), Freehold Township and Upper Freehold Township, while the area was still part of Monmouth County, New Jersey.

The Factory Act of 1833 and the Factory Act of 1844 was some of the most significant humanitarian legislation passed.

Until 1844, trains were pulled up the incline to Camden Town by cables because the London and Birmingham Railway's Act of Parliament prohibited the use of locomotives in the Euston area ; this prohibition is said to have been at the request of Lord Southampton, who owned land bordering this section of the line.

The Midland Railway Consolidation Act was passed in 1844 authorising the merger of the Midland Counties Railway, the North Midland Railway, and the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway.

* The Ecclesiastical Courts Act 1844 ( 7 & 8 Vict c 68 )

In early days government held that several competing railways could not be sustained in any particular area of the country, and a commission of experts referred to informally as the " Five Kings " was established by the Board of Trade to determine the preferred development, and therefore the preferred company, in certain districts, and this was formalised in the Railway Regulation Act 1844.

The following year, an Act of Parliament established a commercial ferry company, but this was eventually dissolved in 1844.