The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists (; derived from bol ' shinstvo, " majority ") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ( RSDLP ) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

In the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, held in Brussels and London during August 1903, Lenin and Julius Martov disagreed over the membership rules.

The two had disagreed on the issue as early as March – May 1903, but it was not until the Congress that their differences became irreconcilable and split the party.

The first door-to-door census was conducted in 1903 to fulfill Public Act 467 which was approved by the U. S. Congress in July 1902.

He did not abandon mathematics completely, however, lecturing on the paradoxes of set theory ( Burali-Forti paradox, Cantor's paradox, and Russell's paradox ) to a meeting of the Deutsche Mathematiker – Vereinigung in 1903, and attending the International Congress of Mathematicians at Heidelberg in 1904.

In the meantime, after a period of secret police repression and internal confusion that followed the first party Congress in 1898, Iskra succeeded in convening the party's 2nd congress in London in August 1903.

Marxism – Leninism descends from the Bolshevik (" Majority ") faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ( RSDLP ) that was founded in the RSDLP's Second Congress in 1903.

In 1903, the U. S. Congress created the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice ( NBPRP ), an advisory board to the Secretary of the Army, with a nearly identical charter to the NRA.

Being a delegate to the IV Congress of SDKPiL in 1903 Dzerzhinsky was elected as a member of its General Board.

Tolochinov, whose own term for the phenomenon had been " reflex at a distance ", communicated the results at the Congress of Natural Sciences in Helsinki in 1903.

Congress renewed the law on March 3, 1903, since no action had yet been taken, and this time specified that it be recut from the existing model which ended any further discussion.

The Civilian Marksmanship Program was authorized by Congress in 1903 and run by the United States Army from 1916 to 1996 to transfer obsolete military firearms to United States civilians to learn and practice marksmanship skills with NRA so they would be skilled marksmen if later called on to serve in the U. S. military.

In 1903, she addressed the International Congress of Women in Berlin, and, the next year, toured in England, Holland, Germany, Austria, and Hungary.

California's Congress Hall attracted tourists to the area until it burned down in 1903.

Harris was elected as a Democratic Congressman to the Fifty-third Congress ( 1893 – 1895 ) and as a Populist to the U. S. Senate ( 1897 – 1903 ).

Among the many notable graduates of Lower Merion High School in Ardmore are General Henry H. " Hap " Arnold ( 1903 ), Commanding General of the U. S. Army Air Forces in WWII ; General Alexander M. Haig, Jr. ( 1942 ), the 59th United States Secretary of State ; James H. Billington ( 1946 ), the Librarian of Congress, and ; Kobe Bryant ( 1996 ), a professional NBA basketball player.

At the 2nd Congress of the RSDLP in August 1903, Lenin and Martov disagreed, first about which persons should be in the editorial committee of the party newspaper Iskra, and then about the definition of a " party member " in the future party statute.

In 1903, Congress transferred the Bureau of Immigration to the newly created ( now-defunct ) Department of Commerce and Labor, and on June 10, 1933 the agency was established as the Immigration and Naturalization Service.

In 1903 there was a formal reconciliation at the Reims Congress of the sections of the party, which then took the name of the Socialist Party of France.

; 1903: Uganda Proposal for settlement in East Africa splits the 6th Zionist Congress.

After the United States took control of the Philippines, the United States Congress passed the Philippine Coinage Act ( March 3, 1903 ), established the unit of currency to be a theoretical gold peso ( not coined ) consisting of 12. 9 grains of gold 0. 900 fine ( 0. 026875 XAU ), equivalent to ₱ 2, 933. 07 modern pesos of as of 22 December 2010.

In 1903, Baazov attended the Sixth Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland.

The Platt Amendment of 1903 was an amendment to a joint resolution of the United States Congress, replacing the earlier Teller Amendment.

At the Second Congress of the RSDLP in London in 1903, there was a dispute between Martov and Lenin over who was to be considered a member of the RSDLP.

* Philosophy of mathematics, Bertrand Russell considered the " indefinables of mathematics " to build the case for logicism in his book The Principles of Mathematics ( 1903 ).

In 1903 the association of Swedish public school teachers ( Sveriges allmänna folkskollärarförening ) requested a government ruling that it " would no longer be considered wrong " (" ej måtte betraktas som fel ") to write tt instead of dt and v instead of f, fv and hv.

Housman, published in five volumes from 1903 to 1930, is considered the authoritative edition, although some may find G. P.

* 1903: A Norwegian, Ægidius Elling, was able to build the first gas turbine that was able to produce more power than needed to run its own components, which was considered an achievement in a time when knowledge about aerodynamics was limited.

* Sir Oliver Mowat ( 1820 – 1903 ), also considered a Father of Canadian Confederation

James considered The Ambassadors ( 1903 ) his most " perfect " work of art.

" The Beast in the Jungle " ( 1903 ) is almost universally considered to be one of James's finest short narratives, and has often been compared with The Ambassadors in its meditation on experience or the lack of it.

These versions follow the traditional approach that is now considered out of date, exemplified by that of Planck ( 1897 / 1903 ).

When opened in 1903, it was considered the most modern automobile manufacturing facility in the world, and its skilled craftsmen practised over eighty trades.

The January 1903 issue of McClure's is considered to be the official beginning of muckraking journalism, although the muckrakers would get their label later.

Robert Barry Dickey ( November 10, 1811 – July 14, 1903 ) was a participant in conferences leading to the Canadian Confederation of 1867 and is therefore considered to be one of the Fathers of Confederation.

James Thomas " Cool Papa " Bell ( May 17, 1903 – March 7, 1991 ) was an American center fielder in Negro league baseball, considered by many baseball observers to have been one of the fastest men ever to play the game.

Avilés was originally founded in 1903 under the name Avilés Sport Club, hence being considered the oldest football club in Asturias.

Dumitru Stăniloae ( 1903 – 1993 ) is considered one of the greatest Orthodox theologians of the 20th century, having written extensively in all major fields of Eastern Christian systematic theology.

In 1903 the Archbishop of the Warsaw diocese forbade laypeople from observing some otherwise approved devotions of the Roman Catholic rite ( e. g. the Adoration of the Most Blessed Sacrament and the Perpetual Help of Our Lady ), which were considered most important by the Mariavite faction.

The Arborway line, which had been in service since 1903, had long been considered for replacement with bus service by the transportation authority.

In addition to his famous works such as the Robert Gould Shaw Memorial on Boston Common and the outstanding grand equestrian monuments to Civil War generals John A. Logan, atop a tumulus in Chicago, 1894 – 97, and William Tecumseh Sherman, at the corner of New York's Central Park, 1892 – 1903, Saint-Gaudens also maintained an interest in numismatics and designed the $ 20 " double eagle " gold piece, for the US Mint in 1905 – 1907, still considered the most beautiful American coin ever issued as well as the $ 10 " Indian Head " gold eagle, both of which were minted from 1907 until 1933.

The radical economist Herbert Spencer ( 1820 — 1903 ) coined the phrase survival of the fittest in his 1851 work Social Statics to describe his revolutionary liberal economic theory, which in 20th century terms would be considered right-wing.

The pottery was founded in 1903 by the artist and teacher Mary Chase Perry Stratton and Horace James Caulkins, her partner Caulkins was considered a high-heat and kiln specialist, and developed the " Revelation kiln ".

The president considered the new governor to be knowledgeable about the district because Clark had prospected for gold near Nome, Alaska for a short time in 1900 and traveled through the district in both 1903 and 1906.

His other novels include The Phantom Future ( the only novel of his set entirely in England, 1889 ), The Slave of the Lamp ( 1892 ), From One Generation to Another ( 1892 ), The Sowers ( generally considered his best, set in Russia, where it was banned ) ( 1896 ), In Kedar's Tents ( 1897 ), Roden's Corner ( 1898 ), Suspense, Dross ( 1899 ), Slave of the Lamp, With Edged Tools ( a bestseller in 1894 ), Grey Lady, Isle of Unrest ( 1900 ), The Velvet Glove, The Vultures ( 1902 ), Queen ( 1903 ), Barlasch of the Guard ( 1903 ) and " The Last Hope " ( 1904 ).

In Europe, he translated Balzac's Contes drôlatiques, which was published in 1874 by Chatto and Windus ; but it was considered too racy and was withdrawn, only to be reissued in 1903.