Many groups of Guatemalan exiles were armed and trained by the CIA, and commanded by Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas they invaded Guatemala on June 18, 1954.

The United States CIA orchestrated the overthrow of the Guatemalan government in 1954.

* 1954 Guatemalan coup d ’ état

In 1954, the democratically elected Guatemalan government of Colonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán was toppled by U. S .- backed forces led by Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas who invaded from Honduras.

Colonel Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán (; 14 September 1913 – 27 January 1971 ) was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as Defense Minister of Guatemala from 1944 to 1951, and as President of Guatemala from 1951 to 1954.

1954 Guatemalan coup d ’ état: the CIA memorandum ( May 1975 ) which describes the role of the Agency in deposing the Guatemalan government of President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán in June 1954.

On 19 February 1954, the CIA began Operation WASHTUB, the planting of a false Soviet arms-cache in Nicaragua, to publicly demonstrate Guatemalan Government ties to the Soviet Union.

After the 1954 Guatemalan coup d ' état, CIA case officer Frank Wisner organised Operation PBHistory, meant to find and secure Árbenz government documents that might prove that the Soviet Union controlled Guatemala ; and, in so doing, PBHistory meant to provide usable intelligence regarding other Soviet connections and Communist personnel in Latin America.

The other evidence of Soviet – Guatemalan contact, found by the CIA after the 1954 Guatemalan coup d ' etat were two invoices, for a total of $ 22. 95, to the Guatemalan Party of Labour, from a book shop in Moscow.

Having experience in actions such as the 1954 Guatemalan coup d ' état, Dulles was confident that the CIA was capable of overthrowing the Cuban government as led by Prime Minister Fidel Castro since 16 February 1959.

Shattered Hope: The Guatemalan Revolution and the United States, 1944 – 1954 ( Princeton University Press, 1991 )

Operation PBSUCCESS: US President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, the executor and the advocate of the 1954 Guatemalan coup d ' état that deposed President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán.

In response to the expropriation of prime-farmland assets, the United Fruit Company asked the US Governments of presidents Harry Truman ( 1945 – 53 ) and Dwight Eisenhower ( 1953 – 61 ) to act diplomatically, economically, and militarily against Guatemalan President Árbenz Guzmán, which, in 1954, resulted in the Guatemalan coup d ’ état that provoked the thirty-six-year Guatemalan Civil War, from 1960 to and 1996, in which were killed 140, 000 to 250, 000 Guatemalans.

Afterwards followed Operation PBHISTORY ( July 1954 ), with the intelligence-gathering remit to find and publish documentary evidence — from the Árbenz Government and from the national Communists of the Guatemalan Labour Party — that would confirm the geopolitical opinion of the CIA: under the Árbenz Government, Guatemala was a pro – Communist puppet state of the USSR, and part of the Soviet hegemony in the Western Hemisphere.

Operation PBSUCCESS: the Cold War geopolitics of the US included the Guatemalan Labour Party to the International Communist Conspiracy in the Western Hemisphere ; hence the 1954 Guatemalan coup d ’ état by the CIA.

The State Department tacitly rejected the neutral Laos idea after the Geneva conference of 1954, and last year Washington backed the rightist coup that ousted neutral Premier Souvanna Phouma.

This led to a CIA-orchestrated coup in 1954, known as Operation PBSUCCESS, which saw Arbenz toppled and forced into exile by Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas.

A variety of factors contributed: social and economic injustice and racism against the indigenous population, the 1954 coup which reversed reforms, weak civilian control of the military, the United States support of the government, and Cuban support of the insurgents.

In October 1955, after the general strike in 1954, young military reformists staged a coup that installed a provisional junta.

General Adib Shishakli then held power until deposed in the 1954 Syrian coup d ' etat.

** A military coup overthrows Alfredo Stroessner, dictator of Paraguay since 1954.

Stroessner objected to President Federico Chávez's plans to arm the national police and threw him out of office in a coup d ' état on May 4, 1954.

In 1954, the Eisenhower Administration was flushed with victory, from the 1953 Iranian coup d ' état that deposed the Government of PM Mossadegh.

In 1954, the young officer played a minor role in the successful CIA-organized coup against President Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán.

Since the CIA-backed coup in 1954, opposition groups were continuously forming in an attempt to fight against the repression that the military and wealthy landowners in Guatemala had created.

* Training files of the CIA's covert " Operation PBSUCCESS ," for the 1954 coup in Guatemala.

One of the main points in Rosato's argument is that, although never engaged in open war with another liberal democracy during the Cold War, the United States intervened openly or covertly in the political affairs of democratic states several times, for example in the Chilean coup of 1973, the 1953 coup in Iran and 1954 coup in Guatemala ; in Rosato's view, these interventions show the United States ' determination to maintain an " imperial peace ".

He grew increasingly disillusioned with the role of the CIA and the United States due to events including the CIA's involvement in overthrowing Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran in 1953, followed by the CIA's orchestration of the coup that removed President Jacobo Arbenz in Guatemala in 1954.

* 1954 – Nico Assumpção, Brazilian bass player ( d. 2001 )

* 1881 – Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, German field marshal ( d. 1954 )

* 1954 – Mark Fidrych, American baseball player ( d. 2009 )

* 1954 – Stieg Larsson, Swedish writer ( d. 2004 )

* 1866 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1954 )

* 1877 – Adolph M. Christianson, American judge ( d. 1954 )

* 1912 – Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs, German astronomer ( d. 1954 )

* 1954 – Vance Heafner, American golfer ( d. 2012 )

* 1882 – Getúlio Vargas, Brazilian lawyer and politician, President of Brazil ( d. 1954 )

* 1868 – Hugo Eckener, German pilot and businessman ( d. 1954 )

* 1890 – Angus Lewis Macdonald, Canadian politician ( d. 1954 )

* 1880 – Gideon Sundbäck, Swedish-American electrical engineer and businessman, developed the zipper ( d. 1954 )

)" Together they produced the films Apache ( 1954 ), Vera Cruz ( 1954 ), Marty ( 1955 ) ( which won both the Academy Award for Best Picture and the Palme d ' Or award at the Cannes Film Festival ), The Kentuckian ( 1955 ), Trapeze ( 1956 ), The Bachelor Party ( 1956 ), Sweet Smell of Success ( 1957 ), Run Silent, Run Deep ( 1958 ), Separate Tables ( 1958 ), ( 1959 ), Take a Giant Step ( 1959 ), Summer of the Seventeenth Doll ( 1960 ), and ( 1960 ).

* 1879 – Clyde Cessna, American airplane manufacturer ( d. 1954 )

* 1879 – Sydney Greenstreet, English actor ( d. 1954 )

* 1888 – Thea von Harbou, German author and actress ( d. 1954 )

* 1919 – Lil Green, American Blues Singer ( d. 1954 )

* 1954 – Alan Kulwicki, American NASCAR driver ( d. 1993 )

* 1860 – Eugen Schiffer, German politician ( d. 1954 )

* 1896 – Roy Parker, baseball player ( d. 1954 )

* 1954 – Sócrates, Brazilian footballer ( d. 2011 )

* 1954 – Ivo Van Damme, Belgian athlete ( d. 1976 )

* 1876 – Henry Blogg, English lifeboatman, George Cross and British Empire Medal recipient ( d. 1954 )

* 1892 – Robert H. Jackson, American jurist, 57th United States Attorney General and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court ( d. 1954 )