Now, although the roots of the mystery story in serious literature go back as far as Balzac, Dickens, and Poe, it was not until the closing decades of the 19th century that the private detective became an established figure in popular fiction.

This Europeanization of the law was made explicit by a number of 19th century scholars.

The Civil War was a significant force in the eventual dominance of the singular usage by the end of the 19th century.

In the zoological sciences, some of his observations were confirmed to be accurate only in the 19th century.

His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.

With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century advances in mathematical logic.

The term was originally coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science, Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists ( especially evolutionary psychology researchers ), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.

From its beginnings in the early 19th century through the early 20th century, anthropology in the United States was influenced by the presence of Native American societies.

In Greece, there was since the 19th century a science of the folklore called laographia ( laography ), in the form of " a science of the interior ", although theoretically weak ; but the connotation of the field deeply changed after World War II, when a wave of Anglo-American anthropologists introduced a science " of the outside ".

The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century ; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century.

Early 19th century.

In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently " alphabetic " system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script is thought by some to have been developed in the Sinai peninsula during the 19th century BC, by Canaanite workers in the Egyptian turquoise mines.

From the 19th century it once again became more and more popular.

Yombe people | Yombe-sculpture, 19th century

Portugal has been present in Angola for 400 years, occupied the territory in the 19th and early 20th century, and ruled over it for about 50 years.

Distinctions in vocabulary persist, for example, in culinary terms, where communication with Germans is frequently difficult, and administrative and legal language, which is due to Austria's exclusion from the development of a German nation-state in the late 19th century and its manifold particular traditions.

Until the late 19th century, the axiom of choice was often used implicitly, although it had not yet been formally stated.

The Iron is a famous 19th century landmark in central Norrköping

The museum can be found in the 19th century building The Iron in the Motala ström river in central Norrköping.

With the beginning of the slow decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century, and as a result of the expansionist policies of Czarist Russia in the Caucasus, many Muslim nations and groups in that region, mainly Circassians, Tatars, Azeris, Lezgis, Chechens, and several Turkic groups left their ancestral homelands and settled in Anatolia.

Later in the 19th century, other missionaries adapted Evans ' system to other Canadian aboriginal languages.

Charles Dickens was a prominent English author of the 19th century.

Leo Tolstoy was a prominent Russian author of the 19th century.

The area was part of the ancient Monmouthshire parish of Mynyddislwyn until the late 19th century.

From being a mere village in an agricultural district at the beginning of the 19th century, the place grew rapidly in population owing to the abundance of coal and iron ore, and the population of the whole parish, 1, 486 in 1801, increased tenfold during the first half of the 19th century.

The parish was gradually absorbed into the Borough of Cardiff during the 19th and 20th centuries.

It served as the parish church till the 19th century, and now forms the vestibule of a new church.

The modern-day village of Tintagel was known as Trevena () until the Post Office established ' Tintagel ' as the name in the mid 19th century ( until then Tintagel had always been the name of the headland and of the parish ).

* Hove became a local board of health in the late 19th century, originally covering the parish of Hove

Some restoration undertaken in the 19th century under Sir Gilbert Scott included the rood screen that replaced the one removed when the Abbey became a parish church.

Peckham has never been an administrative district, or a single ecclesiastical parish in its own right, but it developed a strong sense of identity in the 19th century when Rye Lane was one of the most important shopping streets in South London.

Some early development took place to accommodate the popularity of the nearby Sadler's Wells, which became a resort in the 16th century, but the 19th century saw the greatest expansion in housing, soon to cover the whole parish.

The parish includes three nationally significant examples of 19th century plantation architecture: Evergreen Plantation, Whitney Plantation Historic District, and San Francisco Plantation House.

The municipality traces its history to Lycksele parish, which was in effect during the 19th century with very similar borders and size ( 5, 000-5, 500 km² ).

The village includes a commercial dock on the west bank of the River Nene over which spans a swing bridge, and the parish, two 19th century lighthouses to the north from the village on the Nene.

The system of policing by unpaid parish constables continued in England until the 19th century ; in the London metropolitan area it was ended by the creation of the Metropolitan Police by the Metropolitan Police Act 1829, and outside London by the County Police Act 1839, which allowed counties to establish full-time professional police forces.

The parish of Disley was included in the 19th century as one of three parishes in Hayfield rural sanitary district, alongside Hayfield and Mellor in Derbyshire.

In the late 19th century, rightists created State Shinto, requiring that each family belong to a shrine parish and that the concepts of emperor worship and a national Japanese " family " be taught in the schools.

In the north-east of the parish on the South Downs lies Lancing College, an independent school, with its imposing, predominantly 19th Century chapel, the largest school chapel in the world, featuring the largest stained-glass rose window in England ( completed in 1977 ).

While the Church of Ireland community used the name ' Ardbraccan ' to refer to its parish, the nearby Roman Catholic parish in the 19th century opted to use a different name, Bohermeen, from the Irish An Bóthar Mín, meaning the smooth road, referring to a famous stretch of road that two thousand years before had passed through the neighbourhood and went to Tara, the occasional home of the High King of Ireland or Ard Rí.

Its tower dates from the 11th century, while the parish nave was rebuilt during the classicistic period in the early 19th century.

The building is adjacent to the parish church and partially housed in a late 19th century fisherman's cottage.

Several urban sanitary districts were formed in the parish in the late 19th century: Willington Quay, Howdon and Wallsend itself.

In the 19th century the parish of St Peter's was created to serve the burgeoning city with the new church being consecrated in 1859.

Most of the rest of the city ’ s churches date from the 17th to the 19th centuries and many of them are parish churches which belong to the various neighborhoods or barrios of the city proper.