These authors, the former a medieval historian and the latter an early modernist, quickly became associated with the distinctive Annales approach, which combined geography, history, and the sociological approaches of the Année Sociologique ( many members of which were their colleagues at Strasbourg ) to produce an approach which rejected the predominant emphasis on politics, diplomacy and war of many 19th and early 20th-century historians as spearheaded by historians whom Febvre called Les Sorbonnistes.

The 20th-century art historian Bernard Berenson methodically identified numerous early Renaissance Florentine and Sienese workshops under such sobriquets as " Amico di Sandro " for an anonymous painter in the immediate circle of Sandro Botticelli.

In his analysis, " Rebels and Radicals ; Icaria 1600-2000 ", historian Anthony J. Papalas ( East Carolina University ) examines modern Icaria in the light of such 20th-century questions as poverty, emigration to America, the nature of the Axis occupation, the rise of Communism, the Civil War and the rightwing reaction to radical post-war movements.

: For the 20th-century Belgian Byzantinologist, see Henri Grégoire ( historian )

On Villani's estimation that a third of Antwerp's population died off during the Great Famine of 1315-1317, the early 20th-century historian Henry S. Lucas wrote, " not much faith can be placed in such statistics which are little better than guesses.

Nicholas Perrot was an early 20th-century historian who believed that the Algonquian terms referred to salt-water seas, as these have a distinctive aroma compared with fresh-water lakes.

* Ch ' ien Mu-Chinese historian, educator, philosopher and Confucian considered one of the greatest historians and philosophers in 20th-century China.

Lewis Barton, a 20th-century local historian in North Carolina, says that records of the disappearance of the English colony are not inconsistent with accounts in the 1730s of Native-European mixed-bloods in Robeson County.

Sir Ian Kershaw, FBA ( born 29 April 1943 ) is a British historian of 20th-century Germany whose work has chiefly focused on the period of the Third Reich.

( 28 September 1855 – 23 October 1929 ) was a 19th-and 20th-century British historian of the medieval period.

According to the 20th-century folklorist and art historian Wilhelm Fränger, the eroticism of the center frame could be considered either as an allegory of transience or a playground of corruption.

Additionally, historian Roy Rosenzweig notes that the divisions emphasized in the text – skin color, age, and gender – are distinctly 20th-century in nature, and make little sense in an 18th-century context.

Vladimir Ćorović ( ; October 27, 1885, Mostar-April 12, 1941, Greece ) was a 20th-century Serbian historian, member of the Serbian Royal Academy, a future Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( SANU ).

* Santo Mazzarino, a leading 20th-century historian of ancient Rome and Greece.

* Teodoro Agoncillo ( 1912 – 1985 ), a 20th-century Filipino historian

Teodoro Andal Agoncillo ( November 9, 1912 – January 14, 1985 ) was a 20th-century Filipino historian.

John Earl Haynes is an American historian who is a specialist in 20th-century political history in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress.

The 17th-century ecclesiastical historian Tillemont called the edict " insignificant "; likewise, the late 20th-century historian Timothy Barnes cautioned that the " novelty or importance of measure should not be overestimated ".

* Peter Lewis Paul, 20th-century Maliseet oral historian, Woodstock, N. B., Canada

Therefore the names of only some 20th-century Senior Wranglers ( such as Crispin Nash-Williams, Christopher Budd, Frank P. Ramsey, Donald Coxeter, Kevin Buzzard, Jayant Narlikar, Jacob Bronowski and Ben J.

The book discusses key episodes of 20th-century espionage and cryptology involving the Zimmermann telegram ; Enigma decryption and " Ultra "; the Battle of the Atlantic ; Erwin Rommel ; the Colossus computer ; Frank Rowlett and Japan's Purple cipher ; Allied Operation Overlord deceptions ; World War II spies and spy organizations ; Rudolf Roessler and the Lucy Spy Ring ; Takeo Yoshikawa and Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor ; Joseph J. Rochefort and the Battle of Midway ; Richard Sorge ; Donald Maclean ; Klaus Fuchs ; Venona ; Oleg Penkovsky ; and Ryszard Kukliński.

Frank ( Sakae ) Matsura ( 1873 – 1913 ) was an early 20th-century Japanese photographer who travelled from Japan to America in 1901 where he lived until his early death.

Theater scholar Charlotte Canning, of the University of Texas at Austin where Williams ' archives are located, has said, " There is no more influential 20th-century American playwright than Tennessee Williams ...

Even though Alan Rickman, himself, said ( in a contemporaneous interview on Arsenio Hall's talk show ) that 20th-century colloquial American was a lot closer to 12th-century Anglo-Saxon than modern British English.

Other features of the town include St Mary of Zion church, built in 1665 and said to contain the Ark of the Covenant ( a prominent 20th-century church of the same name neighbours it ), archaeological and ethnographic museums, the Ezana Stone written in Sabaean, Ge ' ez and Ancient Greek in a similar manner to the Rosetta Stone, King Bazen's Tomb ( a megalith considered to be one of the earliest structures ), the so-called Queen of Sheba's Bath ( actually a reservoir ), the 4th-century Ta ' akha Maryam and 6th-century Dungur palaces, the monasteries of Abba Pentalewon and Abba Liqanos and the Lioness of Gobedra rock art.

The prerogative to respect diversity, often said to " begin with biodiversity " of non-human life, is basic to some 20th-century studies, such as cultural ecology, Queer studies, and anthropological linguistics.

" NPR Music said that " with a tense melodic line and taut harmonies, the composition is considered by many to be the most popular of all 20th-century orchestral works.

In 1970 Motherwell said, Throughout my life, the 20th-century painter whom I've admired the most has been Matisse, alluding to several of his own series of paintings that reflect Matisse's influence, most notably his Open Series that come closest to classic Color Field painting.

Albert Einstein, the famous 20th-century physicist, famously said:

In the latter, he provided what he said was evidence that there had been 19th-and 20th-century presidents of the United States who had partial black ancestry.

Apart from Anglo-Saxon architecture, the major forms of non-vernacular architecture employed in England before 1900 originated elsewhere in western Europe, chiefly in France and Italy, while 20th-century Modernist architecture derived from both European and American influences.

Kierkegaard's concept of angst is considered to be an important stepping stone for 20th-century existentialism.

The area's industrial history is reflected in dozens of 19th-and early 20th-century manufacturing sites in the city.

Of particular interest to 20th-century music theorists is the attention he paid to silence as an integral part of music.

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

He is best known for the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four ( 1949 ) and the allegorical novella Animal Farm ( 1945 ), which together have sold more copies than any two books by any other 20th-century author.

H. P. Lovecraft is now noted as a significant figure in 20th-century horror fiction.

Some 20th-century historians such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts have argued that the process of economic and social change took place gradually and the term revolution is a misnomer.

Agorism is a radical left-libertarian form of anarchism, developed from anarcho-capitalism in the late 20th-century by Samuel Edward Konkin III ( a. k. a. SEK3 ).

Existentialism is a term applied to the work of a number of 19th-and 20th-century philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences, generally held that the focus of philosophical thought should be to deal with the conditions of existence of the individual person and his or her emotions, actions, responsibilities, and thoughts.

Okonomiyaki ( pancake with ingredient mixed into the batter ) in the form it is familiarly now known is also considered non-traditional, since they are 20th-century creations flavored with a form of Worcestershire sauce.

Lawrence is among the best-known 20th-century African-American painters, a distinction shared with Romare Bearden.

The oldest attested form is the yellow form, called in the 19th century, but renamed by Elizaburo Hoshino, an early 20th-century koi breeder.

The 20th-century Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler is frequently quoted as defining love from the Jewish point of view as " giving without expecting to take " ( from his Michtav me-Eliyahu, Vol.

Lesbian as a concept, used to differentiate women with a shared sexual orientation, is a 20th-century construct.

However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, " There is no noise, only sound.

Olivier later starred in what is among the most famous 20th-century productions, by Glen Byam Shaw at Stratford-upon-Avon in 1955.

One of the most notable 20th-century productions is that of Trevor Nunn for the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1976.

The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía ( MNCARS ) is the official name of Spain's national museum of 20th-century art, located in Madrid ( informally shortened to the Museo Reina Sofía, Queen Sofia Museum.

Bujold ’ s father and brother were engineers, and many of the technological details she incorporates are based on 20th-century engineering situations, projected into null-g or alternative solar system situations ( this is especially true of Falling Free, the most technologically dense of the novels ).

This is due to a 20th-century development triggered by Ferdinand de Saussure's insistence on the importance of synchronic analysis, and the later emergence of structuralism and Chomskyan linguistics with its emphasis on syntax.

Philosophical Investigations ( Philosophische Untersuchungen ) is a highly influential work by the 20th-century philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Yet another story, The Man Who Came Early, features a 20th-century United States Army soldier stationed in Iceland who is transported to the tenth century.