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The 68000 line of processors has been used in a variety of systems, from modern high-end Texas Instruments calculators ( the TI-89, TI-92, and Voyage 200 lines ) to all of the members of the Palm Pilot series that run Palm OS 1. x to 4. x ( OS 5. x is ARM-based ), and even radiation hardened versions in the critical control systems of the Space Shuttle.
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68000 and line
Commodore's design choice to remain with the 68000 architecture ensured that code was backward-compatible across the Amiga line.
From the 100's 68000 processor, to the 190's 68LC040 processor, the 100 series PowerBooks span the entire Apple 68K line, with the 190 even upgradable to a PowerPC processor.
In addition to the Intel architectures, FPUs as coprocessors were available for the Motorola 68000 family line.
In line with the Motorola 68000 naming convention, it is usually just referred to as the 010 ( pronounced oh-one-oh ).
The fourth generation competed with the P5 Pentium line, but it was not nearly as widely used as its predecessors, since much of the old 68000 marketplace was either defunct or nearly so ( as was the case with Atari and NeXT ), or converting to newer architectures ( PowerPC for the Macintosh and Amiga, SPARC for Sun, and MIPS for SGI ).
Additionally they try to do linear interpolation along a line of pixels to simplify the set-up ( compared to 2d affine interpolation ) and thus again the overhead ( also affine texture-mapping does not fit into the low number of registers of the x86 CPU ; the 68000 or any RISC is much more suited ).
VMEbus is a computer bus standard, originally developed for the Motorola 68000 line of CPUs, but later widely used for many applications and standardized by the IEC as ANSI / IEEE 1014-1987.
The Intel x86 microprocessors would go on to become the brains for the IBM PC, while the Motorola 68000 would become the heart of the Apple Computer line.
The 68020 still lacked certain important features offered by the next successor in the 68000 line, the new 68030.
68000 and processors
Towards the end of Commodore's time in charge of Amiga development there were suggestions that Commodore intended to move away from the 68000 series to higher performance RISC processors, such as the PA-RISC.
Despite this, third-party manufacturers designed upgrades featuring a combination of 68000 series and PowerPC processors along with a PowerPC native micro-kernel and software.
GDB target processors ( as of 2003 ) include: Alpha, ARM, AVR, H8 / 300, System / 370, System 390, X86 and its 64-bit extension X86-64, IA-64 " Itanium ", Motorola 68000, MIPS, PA-RISC, PowerPC, SuperH, SPARC, and VAX.
* Comp Consultants ( later renamed MGlobal ), a Houston-based company originally created CCSM on 6800, then 6809 processors, and eventually a port to the 68000, which later became MacMUMPS, a Mac OS based product.
The previous 68000 and 68010 processors could only access word ( 16 bit ) and longword ( 32 bit ) data if it were word-aligned ( located at an address that is evenly divisible by 2 ).
It is sometimes considered to be the conceptual precursor of the Motorola 68000 family of processors, though this is mostly a misunderstanding.
The 16-bit PDP-11 instruction set has been very influential, with processors ranging from the Motorola 68000 to the Renesas H8 and Texas Instruments MSP430, inspired by its highly orthogonal, general-register oriented instruction set and rich addressing modes.
This provided a range of equipment based on Motorola 68000 processors and using XNS protocols compatibly with 3Com's Etherterm PC software.
Originally the peripheral processors were to be Intel 8086, but those proved inadequate and the system was introduced with Motorola 68000 series processors.
Earlier versions of HP-UX supported the HP Integral PC and HP 9000 Series 200, 300, and 400 computer systems based on the Motorola 68000 series of processors, as well as the HP 9000 Series 500 computers based on HP's proprietary FOCUS processor architecture.
Implementations of the original 32-bit SPARC architecture were initially designed and used in Sun's Sun-4 workstation and server systems, replacing their earlier Sun-3 systems based on the Motorola 68000 family of processors.
OS-9 went on to versions for the 68000 family of processors and, rewritten mostly in C, to the Intel 80x86, PowerPC, ARM, MIPS, and some of the Hitachi SuperH ( SH ) series processors.
For example, on many processors in the 68000 family and on the x86 architecture, complex addressing modes can be used in statements like " lea 25 ( a1, d5 * 4 ), a0 ", allowing a single instruction to perform a significant amount of arithmetic with less storage.
The last version, 3. 3, was released in early 1995, by which time it ran not only on the Motorola 68000 family processors used in NeXT computers, but also Intel x86, Sun SPARC, and HP PA-RISC-based systems.
* most processors ( including those of the Intel / AMD x86-32 / x86-64 family, the Motorola 68000 family, the AIM PowerPC family, the ARM family, and the Sun SPARC family ) set the signaled / quiet bit to non-zero if the NaN is quiet, and to zero if the NaN is signaling.
One notable exception was Apple Inc., the Macintosh set of computers of which used non-Intel processors from its inception ; first the Motorola 68000 family, then the PowerPC architecture until 2006, when Apple adopted the Intel x86 architecture.
The Acorn Business Computer ( ABC ) plan required a number of second processors to be made to work with the BBC Micro platform, but processors such as the Motorola 68000 and National Semiconductor 32016 were unsuitable, and the 6502 was not powerful enough for a graphics based user interface.
Although no modern desktop computers are based on the 68000, derivative processors are still widely used in embedded applications.
However, the Linux, NetBSD and OpenBSD operating systems still include support for 68000 processors.
The 68000 processors were also used in the Sega Mega Drive / Sega Genesis and SNK Neo Geo consoles as the main CPU.
Other consoles such as the Sega Saturn used the 68000 for audio processing and other I / O tasks, while the Atari Jaguar included a 68000 which was intended for basic system control and input processing, but due to the Jaguar's unusual assortment of heterogeneous processors was also frequently used for running game logic.
68000 and has
While the 68000 family has a 32-bit design, the 68000 used in several early models is generally referred to as 16-bit.
The 68000 has a 16-bit external data bus so must transfer 32 bits of data in two consecutive steps, a technique called multiplexing: all this is transparent to the software, which was 32-bit from the beginning.
The 68000 has a 23-bit external address bus and two byte-select signals " replaced " A0.
The 68000 did not meet the Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements for full processor virtualization because it has a single unprivileged instruction " MOVE from SR ", which allowed user-mode software read-only access to a small amount of privileged state.
The 68000 does provide a bus error exception which can be used to trap, but it does not save enough processor state to resume the faulted instruction once the operating system has handled the exception.
A large DIP package ( such as the DIP64 used for the Motorola 68000 CPU ) has long leads inside the package between pins and the die, making such a package unsuitable for high speed devices.
After the mainline 68000 processors ' demise, the 68000 family has been used to some extent in microcontroller / embedded microprocessor versions.
The 68000 and video controller take turns accessing DRAM every four CPU cycles during display of the frame buffer, while the 68000 has unrestricted access to DRAM during vertical and horizontal blanking intervals.
For those running on a Motorola 68000 processor ( like the TI-89 ), C programming ( possible using TIGCC ) has began to displace assembly.
In its history, Stratus has offered hardware platforms based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor family (" FT " and " XA " series ), the Intel i860 microprocessor family (" XA / R " series ), the HP PA-RISC processor family (" Continuum " series ), and the Intel Xeon processor family (" V Series ").
S-Net has also been called NetWare 68, with the 68 denoting the 68000 processor.
ARexx is written in 68000 Assembly, and cannot therefore function at full speed with new PPC CPUs, a version of ARexx has not been rewritten for them and is still missing in MorphOS 3. 0.
0.614 seconds.