Karmal would remain in exile until December 1979, when the Soviet Union intervened in Afghanistan ( with the consent of the Afghan government ) to stabilise the situation in the country, they killed Amin, the leader of the PDPA and the Afghan government.

* 2001 – Burhanuddin Rabbani, political leader of the Afghan Northern Alliance, hands over power in Afghanistan to the interim government headed by President Hamid Karzai.

Some Afghan groups ( including the former intelligence chief Amrullah Saleh and opposition leader Dr. Abdullah Abdullah ) believe that Karzai plans to appease the insurgents ' senior leadership at the cost of the democratic constitution, the democratic process and progress in the field of human rights especially women's rights.

* October 1747 — A jirga at Kandahar was attended by Afghan representatives who appointed Ahmad Shah Durrani as their new leader.

* Conference of Afghan Islamic clerics advise Taliban leader Mohammad Shah to invite Osama bin Laden to leave Afghanistan by his own choice.

Early in 1929, the Afghan leader King Amanullah lost power through revolution and civil war to Amir Habibullah II.

On 27 December Radio Kabul broadcast Karmal's pre-recorded speech, which stated " Today the torture machine of Amin has been smashed, his accomplices – the primitive executioners, usurpers and murderers of tens of thousand of our fellow countrymen – fathers, mothers, sisters, brothers, sons and daughters, children and old people ..." On 1 January Leonid Brezhnev, the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and Alexei Kosygin, the Soviet Chairman of the Council of Ministers, congratulated Karmal on his " election " as leader, before any Afghan state or party organ had elected him to anything.

On December 21, Yunus Qanuni, Afghan opposition leader and Karzai's main opponent was chosen to lead the 249-seat lower house of parliament with 122 votes against 117 for his closest challenge.

The National Operation demanded the release of their communist leader Badruddin Bahes, which the Afghan government denied holding and refused categorically to negotiate with the militants, in spite of the US embassy's demands.

Primary advocates for supporting Massoud included two Heritage Foundation foreign policy analysts, Michael Johns and James A. Phillips, both of whom championed Massoud as the Afghan resistance leader most worthy of US support under the Reagan Doctrine.

In retaliation for Pakistan's assistance to the insurgents, the KHAD Afghan security service, under leader Mohammad Najibullah, carried out ( according to the Mitrokhin archives and other sources ) a large number of operations against Pakistan.

Karzai re-enacted the original coronation of Ahmad Shah Durrani at the shrine of Sher-i-Surkh outside of Kandahar where he had leaders of various Afghan tribes, including a descendent of the religious leader ( Sabir Shah ) that originally selected Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747 as key players in this event.

Democratic congressman Charlie Wilson became obsessed with the Afghan cause, and was able to leverage his position on the House Appropriations committees to encourage other Democratic congressmen to vote for CIA Afghan war money, with the tacit approval of Democratic party House leader Tip O ' Neill, even as the Democratic party lambasted Reagan for the CIA's secret war in Central America.

Tomb of Afghan mujahideen resistance leader Ahmad Shah Massoud, in Afghanistan's Panjshir Valley.

Although the city was occupied briefly in 1839 by the British during the First Afghan War, it was not until 1876 that Quetta became part of the British colonial empire, with Robert Sandeman being made the political leader for Balochistan.

# Redirect Abdul Qadir ( Afghan leader )

Ahady is currently the elected leader of Afghan Social Democratic Party ( Afghan Mellat ).

In 1996 Mullah Omar, leader of the Afghan Taliban took it out displayed it to a crowd of ulema ( religious scholars ), and was declared Amir-ud Momineen, " Commander of the Faithful ".

* Ahmed Shah Massoud, leader of the Afghan Northern Alliance, is assassinated in Afghanistan.

* In Mazari Sharif, Afghanistan faction leader Gulbuddin Hekmatyar joined the anti-Taliban Afghan Northern Alliance formed by ousted president Burhanuddin Rabbani and northern militia leader General Abdul Rashid Dostum.

These policies did not increase the PDPA's legitimacy in the eyes of the Afghan people.

During his ascension to power, several Afghan politician did not want Najibullah to succeed Babrak Karmal because of the fact that Najibullah was known for exploiting his powers for his own benefit.

Many people did not support the handing out of the already small state resources the Afghan state had at its disposal.

In the area of Massoud, women and girls did not have to wear the Afghan burqa.

The National Reconciliation did lead an increasing number of urban dwellers to support his rule, and to the stabilisation of the Afghan defence forces.

According to historic sources Afghan tribes did not appear in Peshawar valley until after 800 AD, when the Islamic conquest of this area took place.

WikiLeaks initially said it had not received the cables, but did plan to post the video of an attack that killed 86 to 145 Afghan civilians in the village of Garani.

The paratroopers were directly subordinate to the senior Soviet military advisor and did not interfere in Afghan politics.

The Soviets did not, at first, foresee taking on such an active role in fighting the rebels and attempted to play down their role there as giving light assistance to the Afghan army.

On the eve of the coup, the Afghan police did not send Amin to immediate imprisonment, as it did with the three Politburo members and Taraki on April 25, 1978.

Afghan insurgents operating far from the border with Pakistan did not have a ready supply of foreign anti-tank mines.

* Afghanistan shut down its airspace, two weeks after threatening to close it if the United Nations did not lift sanctions against Ariana Afghan Airlines.

" He also disliked it when the Afghan leadership tried to justify their murderous actions on the grounds that Vladimir Lenin also did it.

This comment was widely interpreted as indicating that Royal did not understand that the Taliban no longer formed the Afghan government and that she was clueless on international matters.

Referring to the massacre of a retreating British army in 1840, Herbert Edwardes wrote, " Dost Mahomed would not be a mortal Afghan ... if he did not assume our day to be gone in India and follow after us as an enemy.

( p. 12 ) In hearings in Guantanamo, Slahi has stated that he did travel to Afghanistan twice, attended the al Farouq training camp in 1990 and fought against the Afghan central government in 1992, but that those actions do not make him an enemy combatant against the United States.

Although many of the candidates for the Afghan presidency withdrew from the race and called for a boycott of the election following reports of voting irregularities at some polling places, Jalal was one of the few candidates who did not join the protest.

Moore's if is not intending ' I think Osama is innocent and the Afghan war is unjustified ;' he's trying to make an argument for American due process: ' If he and his group were the ones who did this, then they should be tracked down, captured and brought to justice '.

The Afghan leaders, while indebted to many of these concepts, did not forge strong ties to similar movements in other countries.

The commission did not have any Afghan involvement, and effectively led to Afghanistan becoming a buffer state between British India and the Russian Empire.

" If the Afghan war then becomes the consuming issue of Obama ’ s presidency — as Iraq became for his predecessor, as Vietnam did for Lyndon Johnson, and as Korea did for Harry Truman — the inevitable effect will be to compromise the prospects of reform more broadly ," Bacevich wrote.

In the area of Massoud women and girls did not have to wear the Afghan burqa.