administrative organization and delicate diplomatic relations with Top Brass -- British, American and Chinese ; ;

American Chinese cuisine refers to the style of food served by many Chinese restaurants in the United States.

This type of cooking typically caters to American styles and differs significantly from traditional Chinese cuisine.

They developed American Chinese cuisine when they modified their food to suit a more American palate.

American Chinese food typically treats vegetables as a side dish or garnish while cuisines of China emphasize vegetables.

American Chinese cuisine often uses ingredients not native and very rarely used in China.

One such example is the common use of western broccoli ( xīlán, 西蘭 ) instead of Chinese broccoli ( jie lan, 芥蘭 jièlán ) in American Chinese cuisine.

Tomato-based sauces can be found in some American Chinese dishes such as the " beef and tomato ".

Even more divergent are American stir-fry dishes inspired by Chinese food, that may contain brown rice instead of white, or those with grated cheese ; milk products are almost always absent from traditional Chinese food.

Ming Tsai, the owner of the Blue Ginger restaurant in Wellesley, Massachusetts, said that American Chinese restaurants typically try to have food representing 3-5 regions of China at one time, have chop suey, or have " fried vegetables and some protein in a thick sauce ," " eight different sweet and sour dishes ," or " a whole page of 20 different chow meins or fried rice dishes.

Most American Chinese establishments cater to non-Chinese customers with menus written in English or containing pictures.

* Egg roll – While native Chinese spring rolls have a thin crispy skin with mushrooms, bamboo, and other vegetables inside, the Westernized version ( specifically the version found in such American Northeast metro areas as Boston and New York ) uses a thick, fried skin stuffed with cabbage and usually bits of meat or seafood ( such as pork or shrimp ), but no egg.

* Fried rice – Fried rice dishes are popular offerings in American Chinese food due to the speed and ease of preparation and their appeal to American tastes.

* Moo shu pork – The native Chinese version uses more typically Chinese ingredients ( including wood ear fungi and daylily buds ) and thin flour pancakes while the American version uses vegetables more familiar to Americans and thicker pancakes.

* Wonton soup – In most American Chinese restaurants, only wonton dumplings in broth are served, while native Chinese versions may come with noodles.

* Beijing beef – This dish exists in native Chinese form, but using gai-lan ( Chinese broccoli ) rather than American broccoli.

Since the early 1990s, many American Chinese restaurants influenced by California cuisine have opened in San Francisco and the Bay Area.

* The Rocky Road to Liberty: A Documented History of Chinese American Immigration and Exclusion

* Fox, Stephen, America's Invisible Gulag, A Biography of German American Internment and Exclusion in World War II.

According to the American sociologist David G. Bromley this was partially due to the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1965 which permitted Asian gurus entrance to the USA.

Australian aircraft were not permitted to operate in the " Baghdad SuperMEZ " ( Missile Exclusion Zone ) because of fears that the Hornet's electronic warfare systems were inadequate, though the report indicates that they were identical to American Hornets operating in this area.

In the 19th and early 20th century, racial definitions of the American nation were common, resulting in race-specific immigration restrictions, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act.

* Exclusion of certain aliens from the United States, primarily senior officials or major stock holders, and their families, of companies that do business in Cuba on property expropriated from American citizens.

It is sometimes referred to by opponents as the Chinese Exclusion Act, a term also used for its American counterpart.

Both Asiatic Exclusion Leagues were the product of an overall atmosphere of white racism against Asians that prevailed in Canada and the United States from the 1800s on, culminating in the imposition of a Head Tax and other immigration policies designed to exclude Asians from Canada, as well as Japanese American internment and Japanese Canadian internment during World War II.

During the American colonial period, the Chinese Exclusion Act in the United States was also put into effect in the Philippines.

Organizations like the The Grange and Native Sons of the Golden West exerted powerful influence on the state legislature and on Congress to limit participation and rights of Japanese Americans, and groups like the Asiatic Exclusion League were established with the purpose of ridding the state of its Japanese population, even those who were American citizens by birth.

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 curtailed growth of the Chinese American population, but large-scale immigration from Japan began in the late 1880s and from Korea around 1903.

As I have repeatedly stated, this provision is much more restrictive than the general law, popularly known as the Buy American Act.

The American Film Institute ( AFI ) is an independent non-profit organization created by the National Endowment for the Arts, which was established in 1967 when President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act.

The United States Congress, in the Ratification Act of 1929, provided that until the Congress shall provide for the Government of the islands of American Samoa all civil, judicial, and military powers shall be vested in such person or persons and exercised in such manner as the President of the United States shall direct.

* 1862 – American Civil War: The District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act, a bill ending slavery in the District of Columbia, becomes law.

* 1861 – American Civil War: in order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 ( 3 % of all incomes over US $ 800 ; rescinded in 1872 ).

* 1988 – Japanese American internment: U. S. President Ronald Reagan signs the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, providing $ 20, 000 payments to Japanese Americans who were either interned in or relocated by the United States during World War II.

Other claimants included the United States, whose American Guano Mining Company claimed it under the Guano Islands Act of 1856 ; Mexico also claimed Clipperton due to activities undertaken there as early as 1848 – 1849.

These are a popular compromise for ( American ) shooters who would like to own a submachine gun but cannot due to local restrictions or the prohibitive cost of buying a civilian legal submachine gun ( full automatics or semi-automatics with barrels shorter than are restricted under Title II of the National Firearms Act ).

A popular sweeping Land Reform Act, as well as American foreign aid during the 1950s, laid the foundation for Taiwan's economic success, becoming one of the Four Asian Tigers.

The Children's Internet Protection Act and the June 2003 case United States v. American Library Association found CIPA constitutional as a condition placed on the receipt of federal funding, stating that First Amendment concerns were dispelled by the law's provision that allowed adult library users to have the filtering software disabled, without having to explain the reasons for their request.

* Stamp Act 1765 with British & American cartoons

He justified the project through the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 as essential to American security during the Cold War.

* 1773 – American Revolution: Boston Tea Party – Members of the Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawks dump crates of tea into Boston harbor as a protest against the Tea Act.

Environmentalists became much more influential in American politics after the creation or strengthening of numerous U. S. environmental laws, including the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act and the formation of the US Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA in 1970.

The replacement Cinematograph Films Act 1938 provided incentives for UK companies to make fewer films of higher quality and, influenced by world politics, encouraged American investment and imports.

The American colonies also used the idea of a Liberty Tree to celebrate their own acts of insurrection against the British, starting with the Stamp Act riot in 1765.

* 1887 – The Dawes Act authorizes the President of the United States to survey Native American tribal land and divide it into individual allotments.

The False Claims Act (, also called the " Lincoln Law ") is an American federal law that imposes liability on persons and companies ( typically federal contractors ) who defraud governmental programs.

With the American Civil War raging, Congress passed the Conscription Act of 1863, requiring able-bodied men to serve in the army if called upon, or else to hire a substitute.

The Indian Removal Act of 1830 implemented the U. S. government policy towards the Indian populations, which called for relocation of Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river.

* 1963 – John F. Kennedy addresses Americans from the Oval Office proposing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that would revolutionise American society.

* 1970 – Richard Nixon delivers a special congressional message enunciating Native American self-determination as official US Indian policy, leading to the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975.

The Province of Upper Canada was created under the Constitutional Act of 1791, within several years of the end of the American Revolutionary War.

* 1663 – The English Parliament passes the second Navigation Act requiring that all goods bound for the American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports.