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The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle gives Penda's age as fifty in 626, and credits him with a thirty-year reign, but this would put Penda at eighty years old at the time of his death, which is generally thought unlikely as two of his sons ( Wulfhere and Æthelred ) are recorded as being young when he was killed.
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Anglo-Saxon and Chronicle
He travelled through Hungary, and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle stated that " he went to Jerusalem in such state as no-one had done before him ".
One modern historian feels that it was Ealdred who was behind the compilation of the D version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and gives a date in the 1050s as its composition.
In 853, at the age of four, Alfred is said to have been sent to Rome where, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he was confirmed by Pope Leo IV who " anointed him as king ".
Although not mentioned by Asser or by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Alfred probably also paid the Vikings cash to leave, much as the Mercians were to do in the following year.
But, clearly, the author of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and probably Alfred himself regarded 897 as marking an important development in the naval power of Wessex.
The account of Ælfheah's death appears in the E version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:
A contemporary report tells that Thorkell the Tall attempted to save Ælfheah from the mob about to kill him by offering them everything he owned except for his ship, in exchange for Ælfheah's life ; Thorkell's presence is not mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, however.
In the late 9th-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ( around four hundred years after his time ) Ælle is recorded as being the first bretwalda, or " Britain-ruler ", though there is no evidence that this was a contemporary title.
The 12th century chronicler Henry of Huntingdon produced an enhanced version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle that included 514 as the date of Ælle's death, but this is not secure.
These occurrences, along with a Bieda who is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under the year 501, are the only appearances of the name in early sources.
Besides the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the medieval writers William of Malmesbury, Henry of Huntingdon, and Geoffrey of Monmouth used his works as sources and inspirations.
The entry for 827 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which lists the eight bretwaldas
Bretwalda ( also brytenwalda and bretenanwealda ) is an Old English word, the first record of which comes from the late 9th century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
The rulers of Mercia were generally the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon kings from the mid-7th to the early 9th centuries, but are not accorded the title of bretwalda by the Chronicle, which is generally thought to be because of the anti-Mercian bias of the Chroniclers.
For some time the existence of the word bretwalda in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which was based in part on the list given by Bede in his Historia Ecclesiastica, led historians to think that there was perhaps a ' title ' held by Anglo-Saxon overlords.
Similarly powerful Mercia kings such as Offa are missed out of the West Saxon Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which sought to demonstrate the legitimacy of their kings to rule over other Anglo-Saxon peoples.
He may have been the son of Cynric of Wessex and the grandson of Cerdic of Wessex, whom the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle represents as the leader of the first group of Saxons to come to the land which later became Wessex.
The historical accuracy and dating of many of the events in the later Anglo-Saxon Chronicle have been called into question, and his reign is variously listed as lasting seven, seventeen, or thirty-two years.
The Chronicle records several battles of Ceawlin's between the years 556 and 592, including the first record of a battle between different groups of Anglo-Saxons, and indicates that under Ceawlin Wessex acquired significant territory, some of which was later to be lost to other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the other main source that bears on this period, in particular in an entry for the year 827 that records a list of the kings who bore the title " bretwalda ", or " Britain-ruler ".
The two main written sources for early West Saxon history are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List.
For narrative history the principal sources are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the Irish annals.
Among those noted by the Irish annals, the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle are Ívarr — Ímar in Irish sources — who was active from East Anglia to Ireland, Halfdán — Albdann in Irish, Healfdene in Old English — and Amlaíb or Óláfr.
Anglo-Saxon and gives
His interest in computus, the science of calculating the date of Easter, was also useful in the account he gives of the controversy between the British and Anglo-Saxon church over the correct method of obtaining the Easter date.
He gives some information about the months of the Anglo-Saxon calendar in chapter XV.
Tolkien has managed to incorporate into the imagery elements of plot ( the horn that was blowing ), his consistent thematic imagery of West and shadow and imagery of the constant seasonal and linear flow of irretrievable time that gives The Lord of the Rings an authentically Anglo-Saxon note.
The battle is known exclusively from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which gives few details, but it is thought to have been a major engagement.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle gives Penda ’ s age as fifty in 626, and credits him with a thirty-year reign, but this would put Penda at eighty years old at the time of his death, which is generally thought unlikely as two of his sons ( Wulfhere and Æthelred ) were young when he was killed.
Penda ( died 15 November 655 )< ref name =" fn_1 "> Manuscript A of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle gives the year as 655.
According to the Dartmoor National Park, the word ' clapper ' derives ultimately from an Anglo-Saxon word, cleaca, meaning ' bridging the stepping stones '; the Oxford English Dictionary gives the intermediate Medieval Latin form clapus, claperius, " of Gaulish origin ", with an initial meaning of " a pile of stones ".
His interest in computus, the science of calculating the date of Easter, was also useful in the account he gives of the controversy between the British and Anglo-Saxon church over the correct method of obtaining the Easter date.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, however, gives the year of his death at 781.
Anglo-Saxon and Penda's
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle does not mention Eowa ; though it does date Penda's reign as the thirty years from 626 to 656, when Penda was killed at the battle of the Winwaed.
Penda had continued in his traditional paganism despite the widespread conversions of Anglo-Saxon monarchs to Christianity, and a number of Christian kings had suffered death in defeat against him ; after Penda's death, Mercia was converted, and all the kings who ruled thereafter ( including Penda's sons Peada, Wulfhere and Æthelred ) were Christian.
Penda's status in Mercia at this time is uncertain — Bede suggests he was not yet king, but became king soon after Hatfield ; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, however, says that he became king in 626.
The name is thought by many toponymists to mean ' Penda's Ford ', possibly a crossing over the nearby River Penk named after the Anglo-Saxon King, Penda of Mercia who reigned in Mercia from the year 626.
Anglo-Saxon and age
Anglo-Saxon and Greek epic each provide on two occasions a seemingly authentic account of the narration of verse in the heroic age.
According to this view, Beowulf can largely be seen to be the product of antiquarian interests and that it tells readers more about " an 11th-century Anglo-Saxon ’ s notions about Denmark, and its pre-history, than it does about the age of Bede and a 7th-or 8th-century Anglo-Saxon ’ s notions about his ancestors ’ homeland.
Theodore and Hadrian established a school in Canterbury, providing instruction in both Greek and Latin, resulting in a " golden age " of Anglo-Saxon scholarship:
The legendary mercenaries Hengest and Horsa landed in the 5th century to herald the pagan Anglo-Saxon age in England.
At some unknown time in the Anglo-Saxon age, the site of Newcastle came to be known as Monkchester.
The figure is attested in the Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies as they were extended in the age of Alfred, where Beowa is inserted as the son of Scyld and the grandson of Sceafa, in lineages carried back to Adam.
There is no evidence of an Anglo-Saxon settlement on or near the site of Pons Aelius during the Anglo-Saxon age.
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