He travelled through Hungary, and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle stated that " he went to Jerusalem in such state as no-one had done before him ".

One modern historian feels that it was Ealdred who was behind the compilation of the D version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and gives a date in the 1050s as its composition.

In 853, at the age of four, Alfred is said to have been sent to Rome where, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he was confirmed by Pope Leo IV who " anointed him as king ".

Although not mentioned by Asser or by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Alfred probably also paid the Vikings cash to leave, much as the Mercians were to do in the following year.

But, clearly, the author of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and probably Alfred himself regarded 897 as marking an important development in the naval power of Wessex.

The account of Ælfheah's death appears in the E version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:

A contemporary report tells that Thorkell the Tall attempted to save Ælfheah from the mob about to kill him by offering them everything he owned except for his ship, in exchange for Ælfheah's life ; Thorkell's presence is not mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, however.

In the late 9th-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ( around four hundred years after his time ) Ælle is recorded as being the first bretwalda, or " Britain-ruler ", though there is no evidence that this was a contemporary title.

The 12th century chronicler Henry of Huntingdon produced an enhanced version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle that included 514 as the date of Ælle's death, but this is not secure.

These occurrences, along with a Bieda who is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under the year 501, are the only appearances of the name in early sources.

Besides the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the medieval writers William of Malmesbury, Henry of Huntingdon, and Geoffrey of Monmouth used his works as sources and inspirations.

The entry for 827 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which lists the eight bretwaldas

Bretwalda ( also brytenwalda and bretenanwealda ) is an Old English word, the first record of which comes from the late 9th century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

The rulers of Mercia were generally the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon kings from the mid-7th to the early 9th centuries, but are not accorded the title of bretwalda by the Chronicle, which is generally thought to be because of the anti-Mercian bias of the Chroniclers.

For some time the existence of the word bretwalda in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which was based in part on the list given by Bede in his Historia Ecclesiastica, led historians to think that there was perhaps a ' title ' held by Anglo-Saxon overlords.

Similarly powerful Mercia kings such as Offa are missed out of the West Saxon Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which sought to demonstrate the legitimacy of their kings to rule over other Anglo-Saxon peoples.

He may have been the son of Cynric of Wessex and the grandson of Cerdic of Wessex, whom the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle represents as the leader of the first group of Saxons to come to the land which later became Wessex.

The historical accuracy and dating of many of the events in the later Anglo-Saxon Chronicle have been called into question, and his reign is variously listed as lasting seven, seventeen, or thirty-two years.

The Chronicle records several battles of Ceawlin's between the years 556 and 592, including the first record of a battle between different groups of Anglo-Saxons, and indicates that under Ceawlin Wessex acquired significant territory, some of which was later to be lost to other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the other main source that bears on this period, in particular in an entry for the year 827 that records a list of the kings who bore the title " bretwalda ", or " Britain-ruler ".

The two main written sources for early West Saxon history are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List.

For narrative history the principal sources are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the Irish annals.

Among those noted by the Irish annals, the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle are Ívarr — Ímar in Irish sources — who was active from East Anglia to Ireland, Halfdán — Albdann in Irish, Healfdene in Old English — and Amlaíb or Óláfr.

Both MacBain ( 1982 ) and Julius Pokorny ( 1959: 203 ) correlate the element with Norse böð, genitive boðvar, ‘ war ,’ and Anglo-Saxon beadu, genitive beadwe, ‘ battle ,’ suggesting that the word originally denoted ‘ battle ’ or ‘ strife .’ Julius Pokorny ( 1959: 203 ) presents the element as an extended form of the Proto-Indo-European root * bhedh-‘ pierce, dig .’ To this root Pokorny also links the Sanskrit bádhate, ‘ oppress ,’ and the Lithuanian bádas, ‘ famine ’.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle presents an eponymous ancestor figure, named Giwis.

Ritter presents traditional Anglo-Saxon thinking about power, which depends on an ineffective legalism, as inferior to continental thinking, based on an understanding of the ultimate necessity of some form of violence.

During his first year at Cecil House, Oxford was briefly tutored by Laurence Nowell, the antiquarian and Anglo-Saxon scholar.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for the year 449 records that Hengest and Horsa were invited to Britain by Vortigern to assist his forces in fighting the Picts.

In some English-speaking countries in the Northern Hemisphere, August 1 is Lammas Day ( Anglo-Saxon hlaf-mas, " loaf-mass "), the festival of the wheat harvest, and is the first harvest festival of the year.

A map showing the general locations of the Anglo-Saxons | Anglo-Saxon peoples around the year 600

Bede says that Oswald held imperium for the eight years of his rule ( both Bede and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle say that Oswald's reign was actually considered to be nine years, the ninth year being accounted for by assigning to Oswald the year preceding his rule, " on account of the heathenism practised by those who had ruled that one year between him and Edwin "), and was the most powerful king in Britain.

* The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports " This year happened that great destruction among the fowls.

In the same year Cnut had Edward's last surviving elder half-brother, Eadwig, executed, leaving Edward as the leading Anglo-Saxon claimant to the throne.

The Kingdom of the East Angles, formed about the year 520 by the merging of the North and the South Folk ( Angles who had settled in the former lands of the Iceni during the previous century ), was one of the seven Anglo-Saxon heptarchy kingdoms ( as defined in the 12th century writings of Henry of Huntingdon ).

For a brief period following a victory over the rival kingdom of Northumbria around the year 616, East Anglia was the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England, and its King Raedwald was Bretwalda ( overlord of the Anglo-Saxons kingdoms ).

The foundation legend of the Kingdom of the South Saxons is given by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which states that in the year AD 477 Ælle arrived at a place called Cymenshore in three ships with his three sons.

Penny of EadredUnder the entry for the year 946, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Eadred " reduced all the land of Northumbria to his control ; and the Scots granted him oaths that they would do all that he wanted.

With the increase in population and productivity in Scandinavia, Viking warriors, having sought treasure and glory in the nearby British Isles, " proceeded to plough and support themselves ", in the words of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, for the year 876.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for 577 records that that year King Ceawlin of Wessex and his young son Cuthwine fought the Britons of the West Country at " the spot that is called ".

* Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic Tripos ( ASNaC ) ( I, II ) ( two year part I )

With the exception of the short reign of Beornrad, who succeeded Æthelbald for less than a year, Mercia was ruled for eighty years by two of the most powerful Anglo-Saxon kings, Æthelbald and Offa.

According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Ine's successor, Aethelheard, fought that year with an ealdorman named Oswald, whom the Chronicle provides with a genealogy showing descent from Ceawlin, an early king of Wessex.

However the genealogy in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle year 855, versions B and C, explains instead that Scef was born in Noah's ark, interpreting Sceaf as a non-Biblical son of Noah, and then continuing with the ancestry of Noah up to Adam as found in Genesis.

Penda ( died 15 November 655 )< ref name =" fn_1 "> Manuscript A of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle gives the year as 655.

R. L. Poole ( Studies in Chronology and History, 1934 ) put forward the theory that Bede began his year in September, and consequently November 655 would actually fall in 654 ; Frank Stenton also dated events accordingly in his Anglo-Saxon England ( 1943 ).< sup > 1 </ sup > Others have accepted Bede's given dates as meaning what they appear to mean, considering Bede's year to have begun on 25 December or 1 January ( see S. Wood, 1983: " Bede's Northumbrian dates again "