Category: Apple II family

Applesoft BASIC was a dialect of Microsoft BASIC supplied with the Apple II series of computers.

It superseded Integer BASIC and was the BASIC in ROM in all Apple II series computers after the original Apple II model.

Apple employees, including Randy Wigginton, adapted Microsoft's interpreter for the Apple II and added several features.

Applesoft II, which was made available on cassette and disk and in the ROM of the Apple II Plus and subsequent models, was released in 1978.

It is this latter version, which has some syntax differences from the first as well as support for the Apple II high-resolution graphics modes, that most people mean by the term " Applesoft.

As Steve Wozniak, the creator of Integer BASIC and the only person who understood it well enough to add floating point features, was busy with the Disk II drive and controller and with Apple DOS, Apple turned to Microsoft, who was the BASIC vendor of choice after their success with Altair BASIC, and licensed a 10 KB assembly language version of BASIC dubbed " Applesoft.

No provision existed for mixing text and graphics, except for the limited " hardware split screen " of the Apple II ( four lines of text at the bottom of the screen ).

It seems likely that memory constraints were at the root of these differences, as the Apple II ROM had only 10 kilobytes available for the interpreter, and the improved hi-res graphics support was clearly a higher priority.

Category: Apple II software

It was announced early in 1983 with a fall introduction at the target price of $ 500 for plug-in AppleNet cards for the Lisa and the Apple II.

Adaptors for Apple II and Apple III were also announced.

By 1987 Ethernet was clearly winning the standards battle over Token Ring, and in the middle of that year Apple introduced EtherTalk 1. 0 for the newly released Macintosh II computer.

By this point Apple had a wide variety of communications products under development, and many of these were announced along with AppleTalk Phase II.

The 1977 Apple II, shown here with two Disk II floppy disk drives and a 1980s-era Apple Monitor II.

A C64 plus a 1541 cost about $ 900, while an Apple II with no disk drive cost $ 1395: the 1541 became widely popular and the demand caught Commodore by surprise, struggling to produce the drive in adequate quantities.

Mature versions of the Commodore, SWTPC, Atari and Apple home computer systems all featured a disk operating system ( actually called ' DOS ' in the case of the Commodore 64 ( CBM DOS ), Atari 800 ( Atari DOS ), and Apple II machines ( Apple DOS )), as did ( at the other end of the hardware spectrum, and much earlier ) IBM's System / 360, 370 and ( later ) 390 series of mainframes ( e. g., DOS / 360: Disk Operating System / 360 and DOS / VSE: Disk Operating System / Virtual Storage Extended ).

* The DOS operating system was the primary operating system for the Apple Computer's Apple II family of computers, from 1979 with the introduction of the floppy disk drive, until 1983 with the introduction of ProDOS ; many people continued using it long after that date.

External hard disk drives remained popular for much longer on the Apple Macintosh.

Occasionally video interface hardware was also integrated into the motherboard ; for example, on the Apple II and rarely on IBM-compatible computers such as the IBM PC Jr. Additional peripherals such as disk controllers and serial ports were provided as expansion cards.

In the Apple II microcomputer line, much of the disk drive control was implemented in software.

Special nibble-copy programs such as Locksmith and Copy II Plus could sometimes duplicate these disks by using a reference library of known protection methods ; when protected programs were cracked they would be completely stripped of the copy protection system, and transferred onto a standard format disk that any normal Apple II copy program could read.

The record was digitally recorded in its entirety by Rabin on 10 GB of hard disk storage on four Apple Macintosh computers running Digital Performer.

Steve Jobs had seen the LPB-CX while negotiating for supplies of 3. 5 " floppy disk drives for the upcoming Apple Macintosh computer.

HFS was introduced by Apple in September 1985, specifically to support Apple's first hard disk drive for the Macintosh, replacing the Macintosh File System ( MFS ), the original file system which had been introduced over a year and a half earlier with the first Macintosh computer.

Apple introduced HFS out of necessity with its first 20 MB hard disk offering for the Macintosh in September 1985.

In 1998, Apple introduced HFS Plus to address inefficient allocation of disk space in HFS and to add other improvements.

Many of the built-in Macintosh peripherals can be " borrowed " by the card when in Apple II mode ( i. e. extra RAM, 3 floppy, AppleTalk networking, clock, hard disk ).

* High-density 26-pin connector with " Y-cable " supports joystick / paddles and two Apple 5. 25 " or UniDisk 3. 5 " floppy disk drives

The Atari and Commodore versions were released on disk and cassette tape, the Apple and IBM versions only on disk.

Rubinstein had already discovered the Toshiba disk drive when meeting with an Apple supplier in Japan, and purchased the rights to it for Apple, and had also already worked out how the screen, battery, and other key elements would work.

Version 4. 1, in a slightly modified form, was also the standard operating system for the Apple Network Server systems sold by Apple Computer to complement the Macintosh line.

When the Apple II, PET 2001 and TRS-80 were all released in 1977, all three had BASIC as their primary programming language and operating environment.

This eventually leads to the practice of indexing, which is used by almost every operating system from Windows to the system that operates Apple iPod devices.

Doom became a " killer app " that all capable consoles and operating systems were expected to have, and versions of Doom have subsequently been released for the following systems: DOS, Microsoft Windows, Linux, Apple Macintosh, Super NES, Sega 32X, Sony PlayStation, Game Boy Advance, iOS, Symbian OS, RISC OS, Atari Jaguar, Sega Saturn, Nintendo 64, Tapwave Zodiac, 3DO, Xbox, and Xbox Live Arcade.

Other uses of Forth include the Open Firmware boot ROMs used by Apple, IBM, Sun, and OLPC XO-1 ; and the FICL-based first stage boot controller of the FreeBSD operating system.

Version 2. 03, and later 3. 0, faced challenges from Apple over its overlapping windows and other features Apple charged mimicked the ostensibly copyrighted " look and feel " of its operating system and " embodie and generated a copy of the Macintosh " in its OS.

Apple marketed its operating system software as " Mac OS ", beginning in 1997.

The final Lisa and Macintosh operating systems used concepts from the Xerox Alto, but many elements of the graphical user interface were created by Apple including the menubar, pop-up menus and the concepts of drag and drop and direct manipulation.

Category: Apple Inc. operating systems

Mach 3 led to a number of efforts to port other operating systems parts for the microkernel, including IBM's Workplace OS and several efforts by Apple Computer to build a cross-platform version of the Mac OS.

Apple purchased NeXT on December 20, 1996 for $ 429 million and 1. 5 million shares of Apple stock, and much of the current OS X and iOS operating systems are built on the OPENSTEP foundation.

Apple started the Taligent project in 1989, with the goal of building a NeXT-like operating system for the Macintosh, with collaboration from both HP and IBM.

He compares four operating systems, Mac OS by Apple Computer to a luxury European car, Windows by Microsoft to a station wagon, Linux to a free tank, and BeOS to a batmobile.

Since 2005 Apple Inc .' s Mac OS X operating system has come bundled with a dictionary application and widget which credits as its source " Oxford American Dictionaries ", and contains the full text of NOAD2.