* Along with the Yom Kippur War came the Arab oil embargo where the ( Muslim ) Persian Gulf oil-producing states ' dramatic decision to cut back on production and quadruple the price of oil, made the terms oil, Arabs and Islam synonymous – with power – in the world, and especially in the Muslim world's public imagination.

As an Orientalist who spoke fluent Arabic, Prufer was especially concerned with relations with the Arabs.

' Hess's reference to Amalekites was later taken in Israel to be an allusion to the Palestinian Arabs, especially since he spoke of a jihad.

The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of the Arabs, and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab countries, a project known as Pan-Arabism.

( This has been a centuries-long convention for Christian Arabs, especially in the Levant.

It has therefore followed with particular sympathy the struggle of freedom-loving Arabs, especially in Palestine, against Jewish interlopers.

MacKay's statements in support of the Israeli during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict created a national debate in Canada, especially among Arabs and Muslim Canadians who opposed MacKay's position.

Thomas was also very critical of Zionism and of Israel's policies towards the Arabs in the postwar years ( especially after the Suez Crisis ) and often collaborated with the American Council for Judaism.

Thalassemias are particularly associated with people of Mediterranean origin, Arabs ( especially Palestinians and people of Palestinian descent ), and Asians.

In the second half of the 7th century and in the whole of the 8th, as a result of the tremendous intellectual commotion produced throughout the southwestern Asia by the swift conquests of the Arabs and the collision of Islam with the older religions and cultures of the world, there arose a large number of religious sects, especially in Persia, Babylonia ( Iraq ), and Syria.

The Jewish community organized self-defense forces in response to the Jerusalem pogrom of April 1920 and later disturbances ; while other Jewish groups carried out bombings and attacks against the British, especially in response to suspected complicity with the Arabs and restrictions on immigration during World War II imposed by the White Paper of 1939.

Arabs continued to attack Jews and break into their homes, especially in Arab-majority mixed buildings.

Blond hair is also a common sight among Berbers of North Africa, especially in the Rif and Kabyle region and also among Maghreb Arabs of Berber descent.

Several refugees, especially Arabs and Indians, escaped the island as a consequence of the revolution.

The wealth produced by coffee culture eventually sparked urbanisation and industrialisation ; the growing urban environment attracted even more immigrants, especially eastern Europeans ( among whom some Jews ), Armenians, and Arabs from Syria and Lebanon.

Human rights violations in Iraq often came from conflicts between the country's rulers and members of distinct ethnic communities, especially the Kurds and Shiite Arabs, although Sunni Arabs, members of the minority that filled the top positions in the regimes after 1958 and through Saddam's years in power, could feel the wrath of the rulers for reasons unrelated to ethnic conflict.

Both were militarily successful allies of the Byzantines, especially against their fellow Arabs, the Lakhmid tribesmen, and secured Byzantium's southern flank and its political and commercial interests in Arabia proper.

Professor Bernard Lewis in fact first unveiled a project for the separation of Khuzestan from Iran, formally proposing the fragmentation or balkanization of Iran along regional, ethnic, and linguistic lines especially among the Arabs of Khuzestan ( the Al-Ahwaz project ), the Baluchis ( the Pakhtunistan project ), the Kurds ( the Greater Kurdistan project ) and the Azerbaijanis ( the Greater Azerbaijan Project ).

According to Encyclopædia Iranica, the name " Ajam ", while " given to the non-Arabs of the Islamic empire " in general, was " applied especially to Persians " by the Arabs.

His term as leader was especially marked by violence against Arabs, including a sequence of market-place bombings.

Semites, especially the Arabs, are later Aryans — degenerate in spirituality and perfected in materiality " ( The Secret Doctrine, Vol.

Listeners also include other people of Middle Eastern and Mediterranean ancestry, especially Arabs and Jews, and Italians.

With the passage of time, many other tribes namely, Shins, Yashkuns ( Dardic people ), Kashmiris ( known as Khache in local language ), Arabs ( mostly Sayeds ), Persian ( Sufis ) and Turks ( especially Uygurs from central Asia ) made their enroads to Baltistan and gradually merged with the local population.

Up to 100, 000 Arabs, from the urban upper and middle classes in Haifa, Jaffa and Jerusalem, or Jewish-dominated areas, evacuated abroad or to Arab centres eastwards.

In 1049 the Zirids broke away completely by adopting Sunni Islam and recognizing the Abbasids of Baghdad as rightful Caliphs, a move which was popular with the urban Arabs of Kairouan.

According to the Minorities at Risk Project 2001, about 40 per cent of Arabs are unskilled workers living in urban areas.

Tribal loyalties are strong among rural Arabs, but also have an influence in urban areas.

There also exists a small Nepali population, large numbers of Arabs, Filipinos and an economic elite of Sinhalese from Sri Lanka.

From this period on, a rift emerged, that was to develop into a feud between the directive elite of Palestinian Arabs.

Traditionally, the Arabs had an elite, but not a real leadership.

The origins of the taifas must be sought in the administrative division of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba, as well in the ethnic division of the elite of this state, divided among Arabs, Berbers, Iberian Muslims ( known as Muladíes-the overwhelming majority ) and the Eastern European former slaves.

During this time, Arabs from Basra and Kufa came to Aran and seized lands that the indigenous peoples had abandoned ; the Arabs became a land-owning elite.

Today most Egyptians see themselves, their history, culture and language ( the Egyptian variant of Arabic ) as specifically Egyptian and at the same time as a part of " Arabs.

Supporters of Jewish resettlement within Hebron see their program as the reclamation of an important heritage dating back to Biblical times, which was dispersed or, it is argued, stolen by Arabs after the massacre of 1929.

All refugees in the world are under the UNHCR mandate except Palestinian Arabs, who fled the future Jewish state between 1947 and 1949 ( see below ), and their descendants.

By 1035 the Byzantines had pushed the Arabs out of Asia Minor, and Harald took part in campaigns that went as far east as the Euphrates, where according to the skald Þjóðólfr Arnórsson ( recounted in the sagas ) he participated in the capture of eighty Arab strongholds, a number which historians Sigfus Blöndal and Benedikt Benedikz see no particular reason to question.

The Berbers of North Africa were among the many peoples called " Barbarian " by the Romans ; in their case, the name remained in use, having been adopted by the Arabs ( see Berber etymology ) and is still in use as the name for the non-Arabs in North Africa ( though not by themselves ).

In 1498, Vasco da Gama became the first person to reach India by sailing around Africa ( see Age of Discovery ); asked by Arabs in Calicut ( who spoke Spanish and Italian ) why they had come, his representative replied, " we seek Christians and spices ".

Thus, individuals with little or no direct ancestry from the Arabian Peninsula could identify themselves or be considered as Arabs, partially by virtue of their home language ( see Arab identity ).

Several Mesopotamian ruins were given Nimrod's name by 8th century Arabs ( see Nimrud ).

We who live abroad are accustomed to believing that the Arabs are all wild desert people who, like donkeys, neither see nor understand what is happening around them.

It was retaken by the Arabs, and then successively held by the Greeks, the Armenians, the Seljuk Turks ( 1087 ), the Crusaders ( 1099 ), who established there the County of Edessa and kept the city until 1144, when it was again captured by the Turk Zengi, and most of its inhabitants were slaughtered together with the Latin archbishop ( see Siege of Edessa ).

The British government in Palestine was convinced that the strike had the full support of the Palestinian Arabs and they could see " no weakening in the will and spirit of the Arab people.

These terms ( circumcised / uncircumcised ) are generally interpreted to mean Jews and Greeks, who were predominate, however it is an oversimplification as 1st century Iudaea Province also had some Jews who no longer circumcised ( see Hellenistic Judaism ), and some Greeks ( see Proselytes or Judaizers ) and others such as Egyptians, Ethiopians, and Arabs who did.

The introduction of paper from China ( see Battle of Talas ) in 751, which had not yet been used in the West – the Arabs and Persians used papyrus, and the Europeans used vellum – had a profound effect.

This became the base for deciding cases brought up by Arabs when certain Israeli settlements were created on presumed barren land ( see Halamish ).

" Of the UN partition plan which resulted, Bevin commented: " The majority proposal is so manifestly unjust to the Arabs that it is difficult to see how we could reconcile it with our conscience.

Without unity I see no future for the Arabs, and I am proud to call myself a fervent Arab nationalist ."( p.

In the early decades of the Dutch presence in the region ( see Dutch East India Company in Indonesia, when the Dutch were one of several traders competing with the British, Chinese, Arabs, and Malays, the Jambi sultanate profited from trade in pepper with the Dutch.

' Allenby said that the Arabs would see it as " as handing country over at once to a permanent Zionist Administration " and predicted numerous degrees of violence.

Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, when well manned, they were almost impregnable for any medieval besieger, saving the city, and the Byzantine Empire with it, during sieges from the Avars, Arabs, Rus ', and Bulgars, among others ( see Sieges of Constantinople ).

" Peace for peace " means that Israel should not give up territories to get real peace ( see land for peace ), and if Arabs really want peace they should stop the policy of demanding lands using threats but give up on their demands.

" Goldreich speaks of the ' bantustanism we see through a policy of occupation and separation ', the ' abhorrent ' racism in Israeli society all the way up to cabinet ministers who advocate the forced removal of Arabs, and ' the brutality and inhumanity of what is imposed on the people of the occupied territories of Palestine '.

* the French variety spoken by the Arabs and Berbers in Northwest Africa ( see Maghreb French )-about 36 million first and second language speakers of this French variety

The town was destroyed by the Arabs in 1016, and the episcopal see transferred to Sarzana in 1204.