" William F. Albright notes the pronunciation of the name remained essentially the same for 3, 500 years, but has meant different things: "' Temple of the God Lakhmu ' in Canaanite, ' House of Bread ' in Hebrew and Aramaic, ' House of Flesh ' in Arabic.

This name appears to be from the Aramaic,, meaning ' the son ( of the ) prophet '.

While this Hebrew name is not the etymology of Essaioi / Esseni, the Aramaic equivalent Hesi ' im known from Eastern Aramaic texts has been suggested.

In the Koran, however, it is clearly stated that the messiah will be named " Isa " ( note that Arabic-speaking Christians use the name Yasu, cognate to the Hebrew and Aramaic Yeshua, to refer to Jesus Christ: the character of " Isa " is present solely in Islamic tradition ):

In the past the favoured derivation of the name " Eden " was from the Akkadian edinnu, itself derived from a Sumerian word meaning " plain " or " steppe ", but it is now believed to be more closely related to an Aramaic root meaning " fruitful, well-watered.

This response is an Aramaic translation of the Hebrew " ברוך שם כבוד מלכותו לעולם ועד " ( Blessed be His name, whose glorious kingdom is forever ), which is to be found in the Jerusalem Targum ( י ְ ה ֵ א ש ְׁ מ ֵ יה ּ ר ַ ב ָּ א מ ְ ב ָ ר ֵ ך ְ ל ְ ע ָ ל ְ מ ֵ י ע ַ ל ְ מ ִ ין ) ( Genesis 49: 2 and Deuteronomy 6: 4 ), and is similar to the wording of.

The endonym Śfard ( the name the Lydians called themselves ) survives in bilingual and trilingual stone-carved notices of the Achaemenid Empire: the satrapy of Sparda ( Old Persian ), Aramaic Saparda, Babylonian Sapardu, Elamitic Išbarda.

Beruryah ( her name is a standard Jewish female name meaning ' the clarity of God ') is a Tannah mentioned by name in the Talmud, who has a female name, has orally been transmitted as a female, and is referred to in the text using the nekava ( feminine Hebrew and Aramaic ) adjectives and adverbs.

According to biographies preserved by Ibn al-Nadim and the Persian polymath al-Biruni, he allegedly received a revelation as a youth from a spirit, whom he would later call his Twin ( Aramaic Tauma ( תאומא ), from which is also derived the name of the apostle Thomas, the " twin "), his Syzygos ( Greek for " partner ", in the Cologne Mani-Codex ), his Double, his Protective Angel or ' Divine Self '.

" Mani " is a Sanskrit name used in all three Aramaic dialects and therefore common among their speakers.

Scattered fragments of both the original Aramaic " Book of Giants " ( which were analysed and published by Józef Milik in 1976 ) and of the Manichaean version of the same name ( analyzed and published by W. B.

However, the name for the letter in the Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic and Arabic alphabets is nun, which means " fish " in some of these languages.

Another theory holds that the Greek form Nazara, used in Matthew and Luke, may derive from an earlier Aramaic form of the name, or from another Semitic language form.

What is probably the same divine name is found in Arabic ( Ilah as singular " a god ", as opposed to Allah meaning " The God " or " God ", " al " in " al-Lah " being the definite article " the ") and in Aramaic ( Elaha ).

( Alternatively, Lucien Gubbay suggests the name Medina could also have been a derivative from the Aramaic word Medinta, which the Jewish inhabitants could have used for the city.

One example shows a name written in Aramaic ( Yitsḥaq bar Ḥanina ) engraved in reverse so as to be visible in the impression.

Amongst Christians, Yasu — an Arabic transliteration of the name of the Christian Jesus — Yahweh, or Shaddai, translated, that is, " Almighty ", are common, with some other names and titles generally borrowed as transliterations from Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek.

The Aramaic form of her name was Bat-Zabbai (‎), and this is how she signed her name.

Her son Vaballathus ( Latin from Aramaic, Wahballat " Gift of the Goddess ") inherited the name of Odaenathus ’ paternal grandfather.

But in the Aramaic versions Rekem is the name of Kadesh, implying that Josephus may have confused the two places.

Other sources propose that Alphaeus, Clophas and Cleophas are variant attempts to render the Aramaic H in Aramaic Hilfai into Greek as aspirated, or K.

Both " Clophas " and " Alphaeus " may be Greek spellings of the Aramaic name Hilfai.

Clopas ( Greek Klopas Κλωπᾶς ; Hebrew possibly חלפי ( Halfi ); Aramaic חילפאי ( Hilfài ), is a figure of early Christianity.

The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

An abbot ( from Old English abbod, abbad, from Latin abbas (“ father ”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς ( abbas ), from Aramaic ܐܒܐ / אבא (’ abbā, “ father ”); confer German Abt ; French abbé ) is the head and chief governor of a community of monks, called also in the East hegumen or archimandrite.

This word is usually conceded to be derived from the Hebrew ( Aramaic ), meaning " Thou art our father " ( אב לן את ), and also occurs in connection with Abrasax ; the following inscription is found upon a metal plate in the Carlsruhe Museum:

Assyria or Athura ( Aramaic for Assyria ) was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the late 25th or early – 24th century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia ( present day northern Iraq ), that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history.

Achaemenid Assyria ( 539 BC – 330 BC ) retained a separate identity ( Athura ), official correspondence being in Imperial Aramaic, and there was even a determined revolt of the two Assyrian provinces of Mada and Athura in 520 BC.

Under Seleucid rule ( 330 BC – approximately 150 BC ), however, Aramaic gave way to Greek as the official administrative language.

), while generally using the Septuagint and Vulgate, now supplemented by the ancient Hebrew and Aramaic manuscripts, as the textual basis for the deuterocanonical books.

Kenneth Kitchen, Louis F. Hartman and Alexander Di Lella, for example, date the Aramaic portion more broadly within the Persian period ( i. e., before the 330s BC ), as based on Persian loanwords.

The derivation must then have been secondary for the initial ayin to be confused with an aleph ( both represented by vowels in Akkadian ), and the second consonant descended as a / s / ( like in the Aramaic asthr " bright star "), rather than a / sh / as in Hebrew and most commonly in Akkadian.

Other examples of late Biblical Hebrew include the qetAl pattern form nouns, which would have dated after an Aramaic influence, the frequent use of the relative sh (- ש ) alongside asher ( אשר ), the Ut ending ( ות -), the frequent use of the participle for the present ( which is later developed in Rabbinic Hebrew ), using the prefix conjugation in the future ( vs. the older preterite use ), and terms that appear to specifically fit a Persian / Hellenistic context ( e. g. Shallit ).

This is also the title given in the Bible to Eve, the Hebrew Khavvah ( חוה ), the Aramaic Hawwah, who was made from the rib of Adam, in a strange reflection of the Sumerian myth, in which Adam — not Enki — walks in the Garden of Paradise.

* Aramaic di or de-( which, of ), and Italian di and Spanish and French de ( of )

Modern scripts are based on the " square " letter form, known as Ashurit ( Assyrian ), which was developed from the Aramaic script.

Other important landmarks include the replacement of Hebrew by Aramaic as the everyday language of Judah ( although it continued to be used for religious and literary purposes ), and Darius's reform of the administrative arrangements of the empire, which may lie behind the redaction of the Jewish Torah.

In the Septuagint, all instances of the word " Yehoshua " are rendered as "" ( Iēsoūs ), the closest Greek pronunciation of the Aramaic " Yeshua " (, ).

His first work in Rome was an account of the Jewish War, addressed to certain " upper barbarians " – usually thought to be the Jewish community in Mesopotamia — in his " paternal tongue " ( War I. 3 ), arguably the Western Aramaic language.

later developed into the Phoenician one ( with sister alphabets of Hebrew, Aramaic and Moabite ), influencing the entire Mediterranean region.

Most commonly, yod י indicates i or e, while waw ו indicates o or u. Aleph א was not systematically developed as a mater lectionis in Hebrew ( as it was in Aramaic and Arabic ), but it is occasionally used to indicate an a vowel.