* Theorus: He is quoted quoting a Corinthian crab's complaint against Athenian horses ( line 608 ).

Inscriptions recently discovered at Halicarnassus indicate that her grandson Lygdamis negotiated with a local assembly to settle disputes over seized property, which is consistent with a tyrant under pressure, and his name is not mentioned later in the tribute list of the Athenian Delian League, indicating that there might well have been a successful uprising against him sometime before 454 BC.

* Salaminia: One of two Athenian ships reserved for state errands, it had recently been sent to Sicily to fetch Alcibiades back to Athens for trial.

More recently, Athenian and Spartan troops had fought at the Battle of Mantinea in 418, with Athens supporting Argos, Mantinea, and other Peloponnesian cities in an attempt to establish a stable anti-Spartan alliance in the Peloponnese.

* Samos: An island that had revolted from Athenian rule in 440 BC, it is mentioned in line 238 in reference to a Samian ( possibly a man named Carystion ) who had betrayed his own polis out of his reputed love for Athens and who had recently been acquitted of some charge.

N. Oikonomides refers to " the recently published ' libro d ' oro ' of the wealthy ancient Athenians ( J. K. Davies, Athenian Propertied Families 600-200 B. C.

This signaled a complete change in Athenian foreign policy, neglecting the alliance with the Spartans and instead allying with her enemies, Argos and Thessaly.

A critical analysis of the narrative seems to reveal little else than a series of aetiological traditions ( explanatory of cults and customs, e. g. of the kneeling posture of the images of Damia and Auxesia, of the use of native ware instead of Athenian in their worship, and of the change in women's dress at Athens from the Dorian to the Ionian style.

The dead of Marathon were awarded by the Athenians the special honor of being the only ones who were buried where they died instead of the main Athenian cemetery at Keramikos.

Spartan hoplites were often depicted using a kopis, instead of the xiphos, in Athenian art, as the kopis was seen as a quintessential " bad guys " weapon in Greek eyes.

The Athenian strategy was initially guided by the strategos, or general, Pericles, who advised the Athenians to avoid open battle with the far more numerous and better trained Spartan hoplites, relying instead on the fleet.

He prevented the Athenian fleet from attacking Athens ; instead, he helped restore democracy by more subtle pressure.

Bury, however, have noted parallels between them: If, instead of a history, Thucydides had written an analytical treatise on politics, with particular reference to the Athenian empire, it is probable that.

Themistocles proposed that the silver should be used to build a new fleet of 200 triremes, whilst Aristides suggested it should instead be distributed amongst the Athenian citizens.

It is probable that in early 479 BC, Themistocles was stripped of his command ; instead, Xanthippus was to command the Athenian fleet, and Aristides the land forces.

He urged them to renounce their diplomatic authority to represent Sparta, and instead allow him to assist them through his influence in Athenian politics.

Hyperbolus tries to bring about the ostracism of one of Nicias and Alcibiades, but the two men combine their influence to induce the Athenian people to expel Hyperbolus instead.

480 – 406 BCE ) whose play Medea seems to have offended Athenian audiences when he fictionally speculated that shamaness Medea killed her own children instead of their being killed by other Corinthians after her departure, and whose Hippolytus, narratively introduced by Aphrodite, Goddess of Love in person, is suspected to have displeased his contemporary audiences because he portrayed Phaedra as too lusty.

( One dialogue, the Laws, instead contains an " Athenian Stranger.

Athens retaliated quickly and some scholars believe this to be the period where we should talk about an Athenian Empire instead of a league.

He urged them to renounce their diplomatic authority to represent Sparta, and instead allow him to assist them through his influence in Athenian politics.

* Athenian: " For ourselves, we shall not trouble you with specious pretenses — either of how we have a right to our empire because we overthrew the Mede, or are now attacking you because of wrong that you have done us — and make a long speech which would not be believed ; and in return we hope that you, instead of thinking to influence us by saying that you did not join the Spartans, although their colonists, or that you have done us no wrong, will aim at what is feasible, holding in view the real sentiments of us both ; since you know as well as we do that right, as the world goes, is only in question between equals in power, while the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must " ( Strassler 352 / 5. 89 ).

The Athenian fleet sailed for Potidaea, but when it arrived, Archestratus attacked the Macedonians instead, as the Potidaeans had already revolted and allied with Perdiccas.

First, the Athenian fleet was divided into eight autonomous divisions, each commanded by one of the generals ; second, they arranged their fleet in a double line instead of the traditional single line in order to prevent the Spartans from using the maneuver known as the diekplous, in which a trireme raced into a gap between two enemy ships and then wheeled to strike one of them in the side ; if the Spartans attempted this against a double line, a ship from the second line could move up to attack the Spartan ship.

The conversation is instead lead by an Athenian Stranger ( in Greek, xenos ) and two other old men, the ordinary Spartan citizen Megillos and the Cretan politician and lawgiver Clinias from Knossos.

The Spartans in response to this setback made repeated appeals for peace but these were dismissed by the Athenian Assembly under guidance by Cleon who wished instead to broaden the war with ambitious campaigns against Megara and Boeotia.

Croix instead interpreted it as a religious sanction ( drawing an analogy with the Spartan demand — in response to the Megarian Decree and other Athenian policies — that Athens expel some religiously-tainted citizens.

Some scholars argue Plato drew upon memories of past events such as the Thera eruption or the Trojan War, while others insist that he took inspiration from contemporary events like the destruction of Helike in 373 BC or the failed Athenian invasion of Sicily in 415 – 413 BC.

Aristotle notes that Draco, while having the laws written, merely legislated for an existing unwritten Athenian constitution, such as setting exact qualifications for eligibility for office.

However, while Alcibiades was away seeking supplies, the Athenian squadron was placed under the command of Antiochus, his helmsman.

However, while Alcibiades is away seeking supplies, the Athenian squadron is placed under the command of Antiochus, his helmsman, who is routed by the Spartan fleet ( with the help of the Persians under Cyrus ) in the Battle of Notium ( or Ephesus ).

He was killed in 388 BC while leading an Athenian naval force during the Corinthian War.

Thrasybulus largely faded from view for several years as Conon led the Athenian fleet to a series of victories, but in 392 BC Conon was imprisoned by the Persian satrap Tiribazus while attending a peace conference at Sardis ; although released, he died in Cyprus without returning to Athens.

The Paralus returned to Athens, while Conon with the other eight ships fled to Evagoras of Cyprus, fearing the judgment of the Athenian commons.

* The Athenian army moves to capture Syracuse while the larger fleet of Athenian ships blocks the approach to the city from the sea.

* Achaea achieves its independence from Athens, while Euboea, crucial to Athenian control of the sea and food supplies, revolts against Athens.

He punishes the landowners of Chalcis, who lose their properties, while the residents of Istiaia are uprooted and replaced by 2, 000 Athenian settlers.

Construction begins on the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens, while the Athenian Senate commissions Callicrates to construct a temple to Athena Nike on the Acropolis.

Eubulus restores the economic position of Athens without increasing the burden of taxation and improves the Athenian fleet while its docks and fortifications are repaired.

Piraeus would follow the fate of Athens and was to bear the brunt of the Spartans ' rage, as the city's walls and the Long Walls were torn down, the Athenian fleet surrendered to the winners and some of the triremes burnt, while the neosoikoi were also pulled down.

Thrasybulus and Alcibiades kept the Spartans occupied while Theramenes joined up with the nearby Athenian land forces and then hurried to the rescue ; his arrival precipitated a total Athenian victory, in which all the Spartan ships were captured.

The political process is energetically and openly participated in by the people of Greece, while public demonstrations are a continual feature of Athenian life ; however, there have been criticisms of a governmental failure to sufficiently involve minorities in political debate and hence a sidelining of their opinions.

Good Sir, you are an Athenian, a citizen of the greatest city with the greatest reputation for both wisdom and power ; are you not ashamed of your eagerness to possess as much wealth, reputation, and honours as possible, while you do not care for nor give thought to wisdom or truth or the best possible state of your soul.

Each division had different rights ; for example, the pentacosiomedimnoi could be archons, while thetes could only attend the Athenian assembly ( the Heliaia ).

Nicias ' rise to prominence occurred while Pericles was at the head of the Athenian government.

The Athenian army moved to capture Syracuse while the larger fleet of Athenian ships blocked the approach to the city from the sea.

In the next year, while Brasidas mustered a force at Corinth for a campaign in Thrace, he frustrated an Athenian attack on Megara ( Thuc.

Pythagoras was probably the source of most of books I and II, Hippocrates of Chios ( not the better known Hippocrates of Kos ) of book III, and Eudoxus book V, while books IV, VI, XI, and XII probably came from other Pythagorean or Athenian mathematicians.