The first of the Australian gold rushes, in the 1850s, began a large wave of immigration, with approximately two per cent of the population of the United Kingdom emigrating to the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria.

* 1854 – Eureka Stockade: In what is claimed by many to be the birth of Australian democracy, more than 20 gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, Australia are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences.

In the early 1870s Darwin felt the effects of a gold rush at Pine Creek after employees of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line found gold while digging holes for telegraph poles.

* 1851 – Edward Hargraves announces that he has found gold in Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia, starting the Australian gold rush.

* John Devitt: Olympic gold medallist and manager of the Australian Commonwealth Games team grew up in Granville

After being appointed as mine manager at the age of 23, he led a major program of expansion for the Sons of Gwalia gold mine at Gwalia, Western Australia, and brought in many Italian immigrants to cut costs and counter the union militancy of the Australian miners.

* 2001 – Australian Ian Thorpe becomes the first swimmer to win six gold medals at a single World Championships.

This huge success of the Krugerrand encouraged other gold-producing countries to mint and issue gold bullion coins of their own, including the Canadian Gold Maple Leaf in 1979, the Australian Nugget in 1981, the Chinese Gold Panda in 1982, the American Gold Eagle in 1986, and the British Britannia coin in 1987.

The city's population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century, largely as a result of emigration from the eastern colonies of Australia.

Even his disqualification in the 1000 m was memorable, as it was the first of an improbable series of events that led to Australian Steven Bradbury winning arguably the most unlikely gold medal in Olympic history.

Then in 1886, an Australian discovered gold in the Witwatersrand area of the South African Republic.

George is anxious to get news of his wife, Helen, whom he left three years ago when their financial situation became desperate, in the hope of returning to her with Australian gold.

* Australian gold rushes

The Australian gold rush of the 1850s and 1860s saw the first recorded plantings of European chestnut trees, brought in from Europe by the first settlers.

Category: Australian gold rushes

On the centenary of his birth, 27 August 2008, the Royal Australian Mint issued a $ 5 commemorative gold coin with Bradman's image, and on 19 November 2009, he was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.

The most significant of these, although not the only ones, were the Victorian gold rush in 1851, and the Western Australian gold rushes of the 1890s.

This occurred at the height of the late 19th century Western Australian gold rush, transforming Fremantle into a capital of trade and gateway for thousands of gold miners to the inland boom towns of Coolgardie, Kalgoorlie and Southern Cross.

The Australian gold rushes from the 1850s brought wealth as well as new social tensions to Australia, including the miners ' Eureka Stockade rebellion.

The Australian colonies had experienced a taste of multi-ethnic immigration during the Australian gold rushes, but following Federation in 1901, the Parliament instigated the White Australia Policy that gave preference to British migrants and ensured that Australia remained a predominantly Anglo-Celtic society until well into the 20th Century.

Gold rushes helped spur a huge immigration that often led to permanent settlement of new regions and define a significant part of the culture of the Australian and North American frontiers.

The Australian gold rushes beginning in the 1850s provided funds for the construction of grand theatres in the Victorian style.

While the major Australian cities enjoyed the boom of the Victorian Era, the Australian gold rushes of the mid-19th century brought major construction works and exuberant Victorian architecture to the major cities, particularly Melbourne, and major provincials such as Ballarat and Bendigo.

The compound swagman and colloquial variation swaggie first appeared in the 1850s during the Australian gold rushes, alongside less common terms such as bundleman.

Until the massive influx of immigrants during the Australian gold rushes of the 1850s, the settler population had been dominated by English and Irish convicts and their descendants.

But his reputation continued to grow after his death, especially among the emancipists and their descendants, who were the majority of the Australian population until the gold rushes.

The end of convict transportation and the rapid growth of population following the Australian gold rushes led to further demands for " British institutions " in New South Wales, which meant an elected parliament and responsible government.

Ophir is the place where gold was first discovered in New South Wales in 1851, leading to the Australian gold rushes.

The concept was also used in other countries, for example during the Australian gold rushes which occurred at a similar time starting from the 1850s, and included similar groups of people including miners that migrated from the American gold rushes.

Commercial interests in Auckland offered a £ 500 prize for anyone who could find payable quantities of gold anywhere nearby in the 1850s, at a time when some New Zealand settlers were leaving for the California and Australian gold rushes.

* Australian gold rushes

Category: Australian gold rushes

*** Australian gold rushes ( 1850s )

Part of the reason for the delay in starting construction and the Company's eventual bankruptcy and was the start of the Australian gold rushes in 1851 — these created a labour-shortage and forced up prices.

The period of Darling's captaincy saw the emergence of outstanding Australian players such as Trumper, Warwick Armstrong, James Kelly, Monty Noble, Clem Hill, Hugh Trumble and Ernie Jones.

A dramatic series in 1956 saw a record that will probably never be beaten: off-spinner Jim Laker's monumental effort at Old Trafford when he bowled 68 of 191 overs to take 19 out of 20 possible Australian wickets in the Fourth Test.

As they held the Ashes, Australian captains Bob Simpson and Bill Lawry were happy to adopt safety-first tactics and their strategy of sedate batting saw many draws.

1906 saw the production of an Australian film called The Story of the Kelly Gang.

In 1967 the Holt government made the historic decision not to depreciate the Australian dollar in line with Britain's depreciation of the pound sterling, a custom that Australia had previously always followed, but this decision created considerable dissent within the Coalition ; Country Party leader John McEwen was particularly angered by the move — he saw it as a threat to Australia's balance of payments and feared that it would lead to increased production costs for primary industry.

After 1996, Fraser was critical of the Howard Coalition government over foreign policy issues ( particularly Howard's alignment with the foreign policy of the Bush administration, which Fraser saw as damaging Australian relationships in Asia ).

In 1870, Victoria for the first time saw the introduction of regular premiership matches of Australian Football.

The unprecedented public interest saw the Caribbean tourists farewelled with a tickertape parade by the Australian public.

A lowering of wages was enforced and industry tariff protections maintained, which together with cheaper raw materials during the 1930s saw a shift from agriculture to manufacturing as the chief employer of the Australian economy-a shift which was consolidated by increased investment by the commonwealth government into defence and armaments manufacture.

It has also ranked highly in international polls ; in a worldwide Guinness poll, it was voted the 19th greatest of all time, while an ABC poll saw the Australian public vote it the 28th greatest of all time.

Because the series ran for such a long time and featured young performers, Young Talent Time made an indelible mark on the psyche of several generations of Australian children, leading them to believe that if they tried hard enough, they too could be a ' star ' like the kids they saw on television ( Johnny Young launched talent schools in his own name in early 1980s ).

Australian content had reached almost 95 % by 1967 ; however, declining sales saw the company revert to using imported components the following year.

However, an opinion poll conducted in 2011 saw a sharp decline in the support for an Australian republic.

Some of the Australian Army trucks saw service in Viet Nam during that conflict.

After Rupert Murdoch, the head of Fox Studios and an Australian, saw the new Fox studios were moved to Sydney, some US producers have chosen to film at Fox's state of the art facilities as production costs in Sydney are well below US costs.

However he was unimpressed by what he saw of Australian society, coming to the opinion that the nation's society had not progressed in any way since the 1920s, having simply become reactionary, increasingly suburban and un-educated.

The 1931 professional event saw victory by Australian Hubert Opperman with a sprint on the finish velodrome after his long solo breakaway was neutralized just outside Paris.

The event also saw Melbourne unveil its proposed new logo, which incorporates a trident, the Southern Cross, as well as the inaugural rules of Australian rules football.

The mills were often family businesses and continued manufacturing after the wool crisis in 1950 – 51, which saw Australian sheep farmers begin to charge higher prices.

During the 20th century, writers and performers like C J Dennis, Barry Humphries and Paul Hogan both mocked and celebrated Australian cultural stereotypes, while shifting demographics saw a diversification of artistic output, with writers like feminist Germaine Greer challenging traditional cultural norms.

Other significant architectural movements in Australian architecture include the Federation style of the turn of the 20th century and the modern styles of the late 20th century which also saw many older buildings demolished.

During the late 1960s and 1970s an influx of government funding saw the development of a new generation of film makers telling distinctively Australian stories, including directors Peter Weir, George Miller and Bruce Beresford.

However, the fact that Atherton was dismissed 19 times by Glenn McGrath, the Australian opening bowler ( a record for any bowler against one batsman ) suggests that this was a side of Atherton that Waugh seldom saw first-hand.