Until the 4th century BC the massive Greek phalanx was the mode of battle.

Until recently, Eta Carinae was thought to be the most massive single star, but in 2005 it was realised to be a binary system.

Until massive flooding in 2008, the city's government was headquartered in the Veterans Memorial Building, near the Linn County Courthouse and jail on Mays Island in the Cedar River ; Cedar Rapids was one of few cities in the world with governmental offices on a municipal island.

Until the 1990s, the entire school of over 700 pupils dined there at a single sitting, all brought to silence for grace by the beating of a massive brass howitzer shell, captured from a German gun emplacement during World War I and then converted into a gong.

Until 2004, massive loudspeakers mounted on several of the buildings continuously delivered DPRK propaganda broadcasts directed towards the south as well as propaganda radio broadcasts across the border.

Until the early 18th century, the khanate maintained a massive slave trade with the Ottoman Empire.

Until development on the current building began, the area known as the " Great Plaza " was used as a massive downtown parking lot.

Until 2005, this system was thought to contain the most massive single star known, but Eta Carinae was recently demoted to a binary system.

Until 1973, Small Heath was the home of the massive Birmingham Small Arms factory on Golden Hillock Road and Armoury Road, manufacturing amongst other things, motorcycles, guns, cars including taxi cabs and bicycles and dominating the local and national economy.

Until 1821 and the Greek War of Independence, eleven massive attempts for independence took place on the Greek side, one of them headed by the Bishop of Salona, Philotheos Charitopoulos, who was born in Agia Efthymia.

Until 1850, population growth was mainly in the countryside, but a period of massive urbanization began under the Second Empire.

Until the 1980s and before the Fuzhou influx, what is now the western section of Chinatown or known as the Old Chinatown of Manhattan was the original size of Manhattan's Chinatown with The Bowery at the time serving as the original eastern borderline of Chinatown and this was where the Chinese population mostly concentrated on the Lower East Side, mostly the Cantonese.

Until the mid-1990s the festival attracted mostly Scandinavians, but in recent years it has become more and more international ( with an especially large influx of Germans, Australians and British ).

Until the 1990s the festival attracted mostly Flemish people, but in recent years it has become more and more international with an especially large influx of Dutch, French, Walloon, British and a notable Australian and South African contingent.

Until the recent influx of Chinese immigrants from Yunnan, the Burmese Chinese in Lower Burma fell into three main groups:

Until recently, many of the residents in Tai Kok Tsui were senior citizens but there has been a more recent influx of younger people, especially those returning to Hong Kong after time spent overseas.

Until these restrictions were relaxed in the middle of the twentieth century, Chinese immigrants were forced to live a life apart, and to build a society in which they could survive on their own ( Chinatown ).

Until Unaccustomed Earth, she focused mostly on first-generation Indian American immigrants and their struggle to raise a family in a country very different from theirs.

Until recently ( 2001 ) Canada's immigration policy designated mail-order brides under the " family class " to refer to spouses and dependents and " fiancé ( e )" class for those intending to marry, with only limited recognition of externally-married opposite-sex " common law " relationships ; same-sex partners were processed as independent immigrants or under a discretionary provision for " humane and compassionate " considerations.

Until the 1960s immigrants were expected to assimilate into the mainstream society.

Until 1995, the safety of much of the Sino-Hong Kong border was the responsibility of the British forces and as such contributed greatly to the interdiction of illegal immigrants ( II ).

Until then the Black press in Britain had always addressed a generation of immigrants, relaying news from their countries of origin in the Caribbean and Africa.

Until better out-of-band signaling equipment was developed in the 1990s, fast, unacknowledged, and loud DTMF tone sequences could be heard during the commercial breaks of cable channels in the United States and elsewhere.

Until then, previously issued FIPS place codes, renamed " Census Code ," will continue to be used, with the Census bureau assigning new codes as needed for their internal use during the transition.

Until 2004, the Jaguars would always wear their white jerseys for afternoon games at home during the first half of the season.

Until 2004 ( in 2005 – 2007 the Jaguars went back to wearing white at home for early season games ) and then 2008, the Jaguars would always wear their white jerseys for afternoon games at home during the first half of the season.

Until 1987, most trading occurred via the telephone, but during the October 1987 stock market crash, market makers often didn't answer their phones.

Until 2008, elected officials were allowed to change political party, while retaining their seats, during set windows which occurred twice each electoral term, due to controversial floor crossing legislative amendments made in 2002.

Until late 1949, Inklings readings and discussions usually occurred during Thursday evenings in C. S. Lewis's college rooms at Magdalen College.

Until the mid-1930s, when the first commercial yeast-extract vitamin B complex and semi-synthetic vitamin C supplement tablets were sold, vitamins were obtained solely through food intake, and changes in diet ( which, for example, could occur during a particular growing season ) usually greatly altered the types and amounts of vitamins ingested.

Until 1960, another feast day which appeared in the General Roman Calendar is that of " St John Before the Latin Gate " on May 6, celebrating a tradition recounted by Jerome that St John was brought to Rome during the reign of the Emperor Domitian, and was thrown in a vat of boiling oil, from which he was miraculously preserved unharmed.

Until 1960, another feast day which appeared in the General Roman Calendar is that of " St John Before the Latin Gate " on May 6, celebrating a tradition recounted by Jerome that St John was brought to Rome during the reign of the Emperor Domitian, and was thrown in a vat of boiling oil, from which he was miraculously preserved unharmed.

Until the twentieth century, anthrax infections killed hundreds of thousands of animals and people each year worldwide, particularly in the concentration camps during WWII.

Until the pogrom on 1348 during an outbreak of the plague, there was a small Jewish community in Solothurn.

Until the latter half of the 20th century, sugarbeet production was highly labor-intensive, as weed control was managed by densely planting the crop, which then had to be manually thinned two or three times with a hoe during the growing season.

* Until recently, the Magic had a team rule that prohibited the wearing of headbands by its players during games ; this is a rule similar to the Chicago Bulls and Utah Jazz.

( Until this season, the Spurs and Indiana Pacers shared the NBA's longest active consecutive playoff appearance streak with nine in a row, though San Antonio has qualified for its 10th consecutive appearance during the 2006 – 07 season, while Indiana's playoff streak ended.

Until the Soviet period there were many such ponds, which were the city's principal source of water, but they were notorious for spreading disease and were mostly filled in during the 1920s and 1930s.

Until the 20th century, Bukhara was also home to the Bukharan Jews, whose ancestors settled in the city during Roman times.

Until the coming of the railway in 1857, Beckenham was a small village in the county of Kent with almost completely rural surroundings: once a family of entrepreneurs began the building of villas here, its population soared from 2000 to 26, 000 during 1850-1900 and throughout the rest of the century.

Until they reached Canaan, the Israelites are implied by some passages in the Bible to have eaten only manna during their desert sojourn, despite the availability of milk and meat from the livestock with which they traveled, and the references to provisions of fine flour, oil, and meat, in parts of the journey's narrative.

Until 1932, when the Afsluitdijk sealed off the Zuiderzee from the North Sea, the weak dykes in this part of the country would occasionally break during storms.

Until it was closed during World War I ( 1917 ), the college was a model of progressive education.

Until the dissolution of the monasteries during the Reformation in 1552, it shaped the development of the village of Doberan.

Until 2000 the annual Tooele County Fair was held during the first week of August at the Tooele County Fairgrounds, inside Tooele City limits.

Until the 20th century, the islands were completely isolated during the winter, since the pack ice made the trip to the mainland impassable by boat.

Until the early 1950s, defibrillation of the heart was possible only when the chest cavity was open during surgery.