At the start of the season, the Australian selectors wanted Waugh to tighten up before he could be selected for Tests.

The selectors were driven by the repeated discomfiture of England batsmen against the great Australian bowlers Ray Lindwall and Keith Miller, but John Arlott suspected there was also a subconscious urge to " reflect public feeling, the national desire for a fast bowler, even an inexperienced one – anyone so long as he was fast ".

To that end, the Australian selectors made changes to the team for the Fifth Test, which upset Border.

The selectors ended up choosing Western Australian batsman Damien Martyn for the tour, with Ponting selected in the Academy squad captained by Justin Langer, which toured India and Sri Lanka for seven games in August – September 1993.

Although Gilchrist had not done anything untoward, Ponting was elevated because Australian selectors wanted him to captain if Waugh was to be injured.

After his playing career Hughes for a time acted as the chairman of selectors for the Western Australian Cricket Association and is an occasional commentator for ABC Radio's cricket coverage.

I look forward to continuing my career in whichever capacity the selectors and the Board see fit with the same integrity and credability I have displayed as Australian captain .| Kim Hughes, 26 November 1984

The selectors were interested in Woodfull and selected him for an Australian XI to play the Rest of Australia in a Test trial.

The Australian board had spent a great deal of time arguing over whether Woodfull or Victor Richardson should be Ryder's deputy, before realising that he selectors had omitted the latter.

His scoring throughout the season persuaded the national selectors to include him in the National Academy, which went on a winter tour of Australia, where he showed his ability with an innings of 177 against the side's Australian counterparts.

However, the partnership had support from the Australian selectors and was only disrupted in the 2006 Summer series when Langer was out with injury.

The selectors claimed that they were planning for the future but Katich has claimed that new Australian Captain, Michael Clarke, was behind his test axing due to a scuffle in the SCG dressing rooms after a Test match between Clarke and Katich.

The Australian selectors always viewed Hughes as a Test match player rather than a one-day player, and he was generally only selected for the shorter game when another player was injured or otherwise unavailable.

The start to his international career was patchy and resulted in his omission from the Australian team, but his performances for Queensland and various counties in England meant he stayed in the eyes of the national selectors.

Lawry's sacking is regarded as one of the more distasteful incidents in Australian cricket history — he was not informed personally of the selectors ' decision before the decision was first broadcast on radio and he only became aware of his fate when confronted by reporters.

He made his major breakthrough in the fifth match of the season when he hit 266 ( after being dropped on 12 ) against New South Wales at Sydney in 1960 – 61, shortly before the Australian selectors chose the team for the 1961 Ashes tour.

The Australian selectors Don Bradman, Sam Loxton and Neil Harvey delayed the announcement while they tried to locate Lawry at the end of the Sixth Test, but he had already left for his home in Melbourne and they were unable to find him.

Watson scored an unbeaten century on his debut in a tour match, but did not play in the Tests as the selectors retained the same XI that had swept South Africa 3 – 0 in the Australian season.

While he did not play a match on the tour, his inclusion signalled that the Australian selectors saw him as a prospect for the future.

When Ponting returned, the Australian selectors were obliged to select Clarke, meaning that they had to drop Lehmann or Katich.

Often the only chance a northern based player had of impressing Queensland or Australian selectors was if he made the Queensland Country side, ( featuring Central, and North Queensland plus Wide Bay players ) to play a South Queensland team made up of Bulimba Cup players.

The Australian selectors were interested, but he decided to return to his own country where he became a reliable fielder who could also keep wicket.

In 2005-06 he became a one-day only player with Western Australian selectors preferring to play young spinner Beau Casson ahead of Hogg in the state's Pura Cup side.

As he was also in a form slump, Booth was dropped as the Australian selectors made mass changes, ending his career.

Change has been more evolutionary than revolutionary and these strategic behaviours have persisted throughout its history, being the product of Australian society's democratic political tradition and Judaeo-Christian Anglo-European heritage, as well its associated values, beliefs and economic, political and religious ideology.

Australian republicanism has persisted since colonial times, though for much of the 20th century, the monarchy remained popular.

The Australian literary historian, Brian Clunes Ross has written on one of the common criticisms of the Jindyworobaks, one that has persisted through the decades, through people of radically different political stripes, namely that of the Jindyworobaks ' relationship with indigenous Australians:

This became Western Australian Government Railways ( WAGR ) in 1890 — a name that persisted for almost a century.

Jardine instructed his fast bowlers, most notably Harold Larwood and Bill Voce, to bowl at the bodies of the Australian batsmen, with the goal of forcing them to defend their bodies with their bats, thus providing easy catches to a stacked leg-side field.

In the 1974 – 75 series, with the England team breaking up and their best batsman Geoff Boycott refusing to play, Australian pace bowlers Jeff Thomson and Dennis Lillee wreaked havoc.

WSC affected all Test playing nations but it weakened Australia especially as the bulk of its players had signed up with Packer ; the Australian Cricket Board ( ACB ) would not select WSC-contracted players and an almost completely new Test team had to be formed.

The rain-affected Third Test ended with the last two Australian batsmen holding out for a draw and England won the Fourth Test by three wickets after forcing Australia to follow-on for the first time in 191 Tests.

Trade links with the rest of the Australian states were established with the Murray River being successfully navigated in 1853 by Francis Cadell, an Adelaide resident.

* 1966 – Vietnam War: the Battle of Long Tan ensues after a patrol from the 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment clashes with a Viet Cong force in Phuoc Tuy province.

The first of the Australian gold rushes, in the 1850s, began a large wave of immigration, with approximately two per cent of the population of the United Kingdom emigrating to the colonies of New South Wales and Victoria.

Where British and American vocabulary differs, Australians sometimes favour an Australian usage, as with footpath ( for US sidewalk, UK pavement ) or capsicum ( for US bell pepper, UK sweet pepper ).

There exist pairs of long and short vowels with overlapping vowel quality giving Australian English phonemic length distinction, which is unusual amongst the various dialects of English, though not unknown elsewhere, such as in regional south-eastern dialects of the UK and eastern seaboard dialects in the US .< ref >

In the United Kingdom, His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act was, with the consent of the Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, and South African governments, passed through parliament and the Crown thus passed to the next-in-line descendant of Sophia: Edward's brother, Prince Albert, Duke of York.

It was reported in October 2011 that the Australian federal government had reached an agreement with all of the states on potential changes to their laws in the wake of amendments to the Act of Settlement.

The Australian Constitution, as was noted during the crisis of 1936, contains no power for the federal parliament to legislate with respect to the monarchy.

Second, it is " merely an interpretative provision ", operating to ensure that references to " the Queen " in the Constitution are references to whoever may at the time be the incumbent of the " sovereignty of the United Kingdom " as determined with regard to Australia, following the Australia Act 1986, by Australian law.

Or, third, it incorporates the United Kingdom rules of succession into the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, which itself can now be altered only by Australia, according to the Australia Act 1986 ; in that way, the British rules of succession have been patriated to Australia and, with regard to Australia, are subject to amendment or repeal solely by Australian law.

However, Twomey expresses confidence that, if the High Court of Australia were to be faced with the problems of covering clause 2, it would find some way to conclude that, with regard to Australia, the clause is subject solely to Australian law.

Australian rules football, officially known as Australian football, also called football, footy or Aussie rules However, late in the century the code began to decline in New South Wales and Queensland largely due to competition with other more popular football codes, as well as interstate rivalries and the lack of strong local governing bodies.

Between 1977 and 1987, the Australian Football Council ( AFC ) in conjunction with the VFL ran a night series, which invited clubs and representative sides from around the country to participate in the " National Football League " for the Wills Cup, however Victorian sides still dominated.

Twenty countries have participated in the Euro Cup and 22 countries have participated in the International Cup with both competitions prohibiting Australian players.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the game spread with the Australian Diaspora to areas such as New Zealand and South Africa ; however this growth went into rapid decline following World War I.

In 2007 the international rules series was abandoned because of the aggression and the severity of the Australian team in the previous year, but in 2008, under new rules to protect the player with the ball, it resumed in Australia.

Australian football has attracted more overall interest among Australians ( as measured by the Sweeney Sports report ) than any other football code, and, when compared with all sports throughout the nation, has consistently ranked first in the winter reports, and most recently third behind cricket and swimming in summer.