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The Barbary corsairs were pirates and privateers that operated from North African ( the " Barbary Coast ") ports of Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli and ports in Morocco, preying on shipping in the western Mediterranean Sea from the time of the Crusades as well as on ships on their way to Asia around Africa until the early 19th century.
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Barbary and corsairs
The coastal villages and towns of Italy, Spain and Mediterranean islands were frequently attacked by them and long stretches of the Italian and Spanish coasts were almost completely abandoned by their inhabitants ; after 1600 Barbary corsairs occasionally entered the Atlantic and struck as far north as Iceland.
According to Robert Davis between 1 million and 1. 25 million Europeans were captured by Barbary corsairs and sold as slaves in North Africa and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 19th centuries.
A few Barbary corsairs, such as the Dutch Jan Janszoon and the English John Ward ( Muslim name Yusuf Reis ), were renegade European privateers who had converted to Islam.
According to the U. S. Supreme Court, the United States treated captured Barbary corsairs as prisoners of war, indicating that they were considered as legitimate privateers by at least some of their opponents, as well as by their home countries.
The Barbary pirates of North Africa as well as Ottomans were sometimes called " Turkish corsairs ".
* Barbary corsairs
The Barbary corsairs of North Africa often attacked the Balearic Islands, and in response coastal watchtowers and fortified churches were erected.
Set free, he supported his mother and three sisters by working in a Rotterdam shipyard, went to sea again at 19, briefly worked for the navy, but having rejoined the merchant fleet was captured once more in 1621 — this time by Barbary corsairs off Tunis.
At the same time, the Muslim Barbary corsairs, acting under the general authority and supervision of the Sultan, regularly devastated the Spanish and Italian coasts, crippling Spanish trade and chipping at the foundations of Habsburg power.
Operating off the Barbary Coast he captured several infamous corsairs and having negotiated a peace agreement with Salé, De Ruyter returned home May 1656.
Xebecs were similar to galleys used by Algerian Berber corsairs and Barbary pirates having both lateen sails and oars for propulsion.
Barbary corsairs and crews from the North African Ottoman provinces of Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli and the independent Sultanate of Morocco under the Alaouite Dynasty ( the Barbary Coast ) were the scourge of the Mediterranean.
Barbary corsairs led attacks upon American merchant shipping in an attempt to extort ransom for the lives of captured sailors, and ultimately tribute from the United States to avoid further attacks, much like their standard operating procedure with the various European states.
The Barbary pirates of North Africa as well as Ottomans were sometimes called " Turkish corsairs ".
In 1558 Barbary corsairs captured the town of Ciutadella ( Minorca ), destroyed it, slaughtered the inhabitants and carried off 3, 000 survivors to Istanbul.
But they are followed by the Duc de Beaufort, on his way to Algiers for an expedition against the Barbary corsairs.
* First the Barbary Coast ( Maghrebinian countries in North Africa ) was de facto independent ( dominated by military governors, soon de facto princes, styled dey, bey or beylerbey, and by the raïs, Muslim corsairs ), but nominally an Ottoman province.
The Barbary pirates, sometimes called Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Tunis, Tripoli and Algiers.
While such raids had occurred since soon after the Muslim conquest of the region, the terms Barbary pirates and Barbary corsairs are normally applied to the raiders active from the 16th century onwards, when the frequency and range of the slavers ' attacks increased and Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli came under the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire, either as directly administered provinces or as autonomous dependencies known as the Barbary States.
Barbary and were
For example, the pirates of the Barbary Coast were recognized as de facto states because of their military power.
The Barbary pirates thus had no need to rebel against the Ottoman Empire, who were their nominal state government, to gain recognition for their sovereignty.
As the general European wars abated during this time, the European and American navies were able to focus on countering the Barbary pirates and the pirate threat soon faded.
According to Robert Davis between 1 million and 1. 25 million Europeans were captured by Barbary pirates and sold as slaves in North Africa and Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 19th centuries.
Before Independence, American merchant ships were protected from the Barbary pirates by the naval and diplomatic influence of Great Britain.
It is believed, that those lions, which were imported to Europe until the middle of the 19th century, were mainly Barbary lions from North Africa or lions from the Cape.
Barbary sheep ( Ammotragus lervia ) were once common throughout but now are few in numbers.
From one side the land on the other is visible ; and the cape of this region about 60 miles away, much as if one were sailing eastward through the Straits of Gibraltar or Seville and Barbary or Morocco in Africa, as our Globe shows toward the Antarctic Pole.
The maritime strength of Nice now rapidly increased until it was able to cope with the Barbary pirates ; the fortifications were largely extended and the roads to the city improved.
Sometimes the lions were depicted as being covered with leopard-like spots, leading some to think it a depiction of the extinct Barbary lion, which, unlike African species, had a spotted coat.
The geographical term Barbary or Barbary Coast, and the name of the Barbary pirates based on that coast ( and who were not necessarily Berbers ) were also derived from it.
Barbary and pirates
But between 1609 and 1614 King Felipe III expelled thousands of Moriscos who had remained in Valencia after the Reconquista, due to their cooperation with Barbary pirates who continually attacked coastal cities and caused much harm to trade.
Barbary pirates from North Africa became an increasing problem.
Henry was 21 when he, his father and brothers captured the Moorish port of Ceuta in northern Morocco, that had long been a base for Barbary pirates who raided the Portuguese coast, depopulating villages by capturing their inhabitants to be sold in the African slave market.
He had witnessed the Barbary Wars against the Islamic pirates of North Africa, and the Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman Turks.
* 1801 – First Barbary War: The Barbary pirates of Tripoli declare war on the United States of America.
The piracy carried on thereafter by the Barbary pirates of North Africa can be seen in the context of the wars against Spain.
The Moors, starting in the 8th century, also raided coastal areas around the Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean, and became known as the Barbary pirates.
Reuben James was a Boatswain's Mate who distinguished himself fighting the Barbary pirates.
* October 21 – In Boston Harbor, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched to fight Barbary pirates off the coast of Tripoli.
* July 4 – July 19 – Turkish Abductions: The Barbary pirates raid Iceland.
* July – Ottomans and Barbary pirates invade the Mediterranean Island of Gozo, enslaving all inhabitants ( est.
He then returned to Gibraltar to meet Commodore Edward Preble, in Constitution, who was bringing a new squadron for action against the Barbary pirates.
French ship under attack by Barbary pirates, ca.
In 1390 Genoa initiated a crusade against the Barbary pirates with help of the French and laid siege to Mahdia.
In an interesting recent development, an elderly trawler, TS Pelican, was fitted with what are thought to have been the unorthodox riggings used by the Barbary pirates in the 16th century.
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