The state governments installed by Johnson all passed Black Codes that gave the freedmen subordinate legal status.

In response to the Black Codes and Southern recalcitrance, the Republicans prevented the secessionist states ' representatives from taking their seats in Congress in the fall 1865.

See also Black Codes.

This section was also in response to the Black Codes that southern states had passed in the wake of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States.

According to historian Eric Foner, Andrew Johnson's conservative view of Reconstruction did not include blacks or former slaves involvement in government and he refused to heed Northern concerns when southern state legislatures implemented Black Codes that lowered the status of the freedmen similar to slavery.

The Black Codes indicated the plans of the southern whites for the former slaves.

The Black Codes outraged northern opinion.

* Black, Gregory D. Hollywood Censored: Morality Codes, Catholics, and the Movies.

** Wynton Marsalis for Black Codes From the Underground

** Wynton Marsalis for Black Codes From the Underground performed by the Wynton Marsalis Group

Whites used the " Black Codes " and other systems to gain the forced labor of African Americans after slavery was abolished.

Southern states passed " Black Codes " to control the movement of freedmen and to try to gain their labor for planters.

** Wynton Marsalis for Black Codes ( From the Underground )

* Codes B20 through B29 cover lines after 1. e4 c5 where White does not play 2. Nf3, and lines where White plays 2. Nf3 and Black responds with a move other than 2 ... d6, 2 ... Nc6 or 2 ... e6.

* Black, Gregory D. Hollywood Censored: Morality Codes, Catholics, and the Movies.

** Wynton Marsalis for Black Codes ( From the Underground )

The Civil Rights Act, passed on April 9, 1866 over Andrew Johnson's veto, ended the Black Codes, which had limited the rights of freed slaves and other blacks.

In 1866 Florida, as did many Southern states, passed laws called Black Codes disfranchising black citizens.

* Fred B. Wrixon, Codes, Ciphers & Other Clandestine Communication: Making and Breaking Secret Messages from Hieroglyphics to the Internet, 1998, Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, Inc., ISBN 1-57912-040-7, p. 84.

The peonage scheme in the American South grew out of enforcement of the " Black Codes " passed by the states immediately after the American Civil War, which sought to control the movement and labor of freedmen, who were sometimes migrating and wanted to do sharecropping rather than work for wages.

Most egregious was his " apologia for the Black Codes adopted by the southern states immediately after the Civil War.

* Greg Black: Hollywood Censored: Morality Codes, Catholics and Movies: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 1994: ISBN 0-521-45299-6

After the Thirteenth Amendment, which was proposed by Congress and ratified by the states in 1865, had abolished slavery, many ex-Confederate states adopted Black Codes following the war.

Because of the inequality these Black Codes imposed, Congress enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

It is also said in myth that floating rocks known as the Symplegades or Clashing Rocks once crushed any ship that attempted passage of the Bosphorus until the hero Jason obtained passage, whereupon the rocks became fixed, and Greek access to the Black Sea was opened.

Among the charges was that the Black Hand had attempted to murder Prince Regent Alexander.

Of a population estimated at 94, 000 before the Black Death of 1348, about 25, 000 are said to have been supported by the city's wool industry: in 1345 Florence was the scene of an attempted strike by wool combers ( ciompi ), who in 1378 rose up in a brief revolt against oligarchic rule in the Revolt of the Ciompi.

Luthor even attempted to send a team of heroes after them under the leadership of Captain Atom-the team consisting of Major Force, Black Lightning, Power Girl, Starfire, Katana and Green Lantern, but this plan failed when Katana and Power Girl quickly sided with Superman and Batman and Major Force was apparently killed, Power Girl noting that Luthor had assumed in his arrogance that the heroes would obey him simply because he was President.

Political tensions increased, notably on Black Monday when following an attempted assassination of the Prime Minister, the premises of the Times of Malta were burned to the ground and the house of the Leader of Opposition was attacked.

However, the nadir of Black Week was the Battle of Colenso on 15 December where 21, 000 British troops commanded by Buller himself, attempted to cross the Tugela River to relieve Ladysmith where 8, 000 Transvaal Boers, under the command of Louis Botha, were awaiting them.

Lloyd George ( British Prime Minister at the time ) attempted to persuade other nations that it was not a war by refusing to use the army and using the Black and Tans instead but the conflict was conducted as an asymmetric guerilla war and was registered as a war with the League of Nations by the Irish Free State.

Elvis Presley was originally buried in Forest Hill Cemetery, the resting place of his backing band's bassist, Bill Black, but after an attempted grave robbing, his body was moved to the grounds of Graceland.

A fundamental change occurred when the Fatimid Caliph attempted to push into Syria in the later half of the 10th century, here they were faced with the now Turkish dominated forces of the Abbasid Caliph and began to realize the limits of their current military, thus during the reign of Abu Mansur Nizar al-Aziz Billah and Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah the Caliph began incorporating armies of Turks and later Black Africans ( even later, other groups such as Armenians were also used ).

On the night of 6 February 1972, a Palestine terrorist organisation named Black September attempted to blow up a natural gas pipeline at a distribution hub near Ommen, but not all explosives were detonated.

Sauron attempted to impose Black Speech as the official language of the lands he dominated ( ultimately, to include all of Middle-earth ) and all his servants, but he was only partially successful.

Around 2001, a new organization, the Anarchist Black Cross Network, began and attempted to present themselves as an alternative to the ABC Federation.

Following the trial of the Black Panthers in New Haven, Hersey wrote Letter to the Alumni ( 1970 ), in which the former Yale College master sympathetically addressed the civil rights and anti-war movements – and attempted to explain them to sometimes-aggravated alumni.

When the wars of the American Revolutionary War, broke out Spanish forces attempted to eliminate the British presence, seizing the settlement at Black River, and driving British settlers from the isle of Roatán, however this ultimately failed when the Anglo Irish soldier Edward Despard with armed settlers retook the settlements.

The poem may be seen as a response to a stream of legislation dating back to the Black Death, and the Statute of Labourers of 1351, in which Edward III attempted to fix wages at pre-plague levels.

Sage's next notable interaction with Xavier's students happens months later when the X-Men and Hellfire Club are hunting down Rachel Summers after her attempted murder of Selene, the newly installed Black Queen.

Pursuing this aim, The Black Women ’ s Club Movement attempted to combat the stereotype of licentiousness for Black women.

After his time with the SNCC, Carmichael attempted to clarify his politics by writing the book Black Power ( 1967 ) with Charles V. Hamilton and became a strong critic of the Vietnam War.

Plekhanov founded a tiny populist splinter group called Chërnyi Peredel ( Black Reparation ), which attempted to wage a battle of ideas against the new organization of the growing terrorist movement, Narodnaia Volia ( the People's Will ).

Lannoy attempted to intercept the expedition near Fiorenzuola, but suffered heavy casualties and was forced to return to Lodi by the intervention of the infamous Black Bands of Giovanni de ' Medici, Italian mercenaries which had just entered French service.

Black attempted to show Daniel his metallurgical secret in 1870, the only person known to have knowledge of Black's secret.

From November 1918 to June 1919, using the Black Army to secure its hold on power, the Makhnovists attempted to create an anarchist society in Ukraine, administered at the local level by autonomous peasants ' and workers ' councils.

The attempted destruction of the castle by Heinz Macher is the setting for the climax of the thriller Black Camelot by Duncan Kyle published in 1978 by William Collins Sons & Co Ltd.