During the Black Death in Europe, people believed that carrying a ball of ambergris could help prevent them from getting the plague.

Plate armour became cheaper than mail by the 15th century as it required much less labour and labour had become much more expensive after the Black Death, though it did require larger furnaces to produce larger blooms.

Prior to the bubonic plague epidemic known as the Black Death, Mongol and Turkish armies were reported to have catapulted disease-laden corpses into besieged cities.

The weaponized threat comes mainly in the form of pneumonic plague ( infection by inhalation ) It was the disease that caused the Black Death in Medieval Europe.

Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible ( 1411 )

The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350.

Although there were several competing theories as to the etiology of the Black Death, recent analysis of DNA from victims in northern and southern Europe indicates that the pathogen responsible was the Yersinia pestis bacterium, which causes the Bubonic plague, although these were different, previously unknown ancestral variants of those identified in the 20th century.

The Black Death is thought to have started in China or central Asia, before spreading west.

Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30 – 60 percent of Europe's population.

Inspired by the Black Death, The Dance of Death, an allegory on the universality of death, is a common painting motif in the late medieval period.

After 750, major epidemic diseases did not appear again in Europe until the Black Death of the 14th century.

The Black Death originated in or near China and spread by way of the Silk Road or by ship.

The 14th-century eruption of the Black Death had a drastic effect on Europe's population, irrevocably changing the social structure.

The work was translated into English the following year, and with the cholera epidemic happening at that time, " The Black Death in the 14th century " gained widespread attention and the terms Schwarzer Tod and Black Death became more widely used in the German-and English-speaking worlds, respectively.

Whether or not this hypothesis is accurate, it is clear that several existing conditions such as war, famine, and weather contributed to the severity of the Black Death.

In Kim Stanley Robinson's The Years of Rice and Salt ( 2002 ), Bayonne is the first city recolonized by the Muslims after the total depopulation of Europe by the Black Death.

Other names have been used to describe this disease, such as " The Black Plague " and " The Black Death "; the latter is now used primarily by scholars to describe the second, and most devastating, pandemic of the disease.

Unification or Death (), unofficially known as the Black Hand ( Црна рука, Crna ruka ), was a secret military society formed by members of the Serbian army in the Kingdom of Serbia, which was founded on 6 September 1901.

The Black Hand was formed when ten men met on 9 May 1911 to form Ujedinjenje ili Smrt ( Unification or Death ), better known as the Black Hand.

The 1664 – 1666 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier " Black Death " pandemic ; it was remembered afterwards as the " great " plague only because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the four-hundred-year timespan of the Second Pandemic.

The epidemic known as the Black Death and an associated famine caused demographic catastrophe in Europe as the population plummeted.

Arndt, a trader, arrived in town just before an epidemic of the Black Death plague and became one of the city's wealthiest men by purchasing the property of families who fled the epidemic.

The Black Death is traditionally believed to have been caused by the micro-organism Yersinia pestis, carried by the tropical rat flea ( Xenopsylla cheopis ) which preyed on black rats living in European cities during the epidemic outbreaks of the Middle Ages ; these rats were used as transport hosts.

* Spring – A severe Black Death epidemic begins in the Crimea.

* July 6 – A Papal bull is issued by Pope Clement VI, protecting Jews against popular aggression during the Black Death epidemic.

* The Black Death epidemic spreads to central and western Europe.

Changing weather patterns, the ineffectiveness of medieval governments in dealing with crises, wars, and epidemic diseases such as the Black Death helped to cause hundreds of famines in Europe during the Middle Ages, including 95 in Britain and 75 in France.

This group of Nothelfer (" helpers in need ") originated in the 14th century at first in the Rhineland, largely as a result of the epidemic ( probably of bubonic plague ) that became known as the Black Death.

Somewhat remarkable for a physician of the time, he remained in the city of Copenhagen to minister to the sick during an epidemic of the Black Death.

In his book, Beyond The Down Low: Sex, Lies and Denial in Black America, he writes that men on the ' down-low ' are not the cause of the HIV / AIDS epidemic in black America.

The great crisis in European medicine came with the Black Death epidemic in the 14th century.

After the last recurrence in 750, major epidemic diseases did not appear again in Europe until the Black Death of the 14th century.

The largest epidemic was the Black Death of Europe in the fourteenth century.

Black Sigatoka, also known as black leaf streak, was named for its similarities with the Yellow Sigatoka caused by Mycosphaerella musicola ( Mulder ), after the Sigatoka Valley in Fiji where an outbreak of this disease reached epidemic proportions from 1912 to 1923.

A cholera epidemic came through the area in 1833, carried by Winfield Scott's troops during the Black Hawk War.

During the Black Hawk War of 1832, General Winfield Scott's troops brought cholera with them from the East Coast, where an epidemic raged.

His prosecution came on the heels of the Black Death, the bubonic plague epidemic which had ravaged the city two years earlier.

A history, suggests the possibility that a certain sense of self-preservation in the Roman society after suffering some epidemic such as the Black fever increased the reproductive pressure in the individuals.

It happened within the centuries-long time period of the Second Pandemic, an extended period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics which began in Europe in 1347, the first year of the " Black Death " and lasted until 1750.

In a famous example, in 1347 the bubonic plague erupted in the besieging Mongol army outside the walls of Caffa, Crimea where the disease then spread throughout Europe as the Black Death.

* Yersinia pestis — pneumonic, septicemic, and the notorious bubonic plagues ( aka " Black Death ")

Though silk was certainly the major trade item from China, many other goods were traded, and various technologies, religions and philosophies, as well as the bubonic plague ( the " Black Death "), also traveled along the Silk Routes.

Black rats ( or their ectoparasites ) are able to carry a number of pathogens, of which bubonic plague ( via the rat flea ), typhus, Weil's disease, toxoplasmosis and trichinosis are the best known.

Brown rats are sometimes mistakenly thought to be a major reservoir of bubonic plague, a possible cause of the Black Death.

The original carrier for the plague-infected fleas thought to be responsible for the Black Death was the black rat, and it has been hypothesized that the displacement of black rats by brown rats led to the decline of bubonic plague.

* Echenberg, Myron J, " Black death, white medicine: bubonic plague and the politics of public health in colonial Senegal, 1914-1945 ", pp 141 – 146, Heinemann ( 2002 ), ISBN 0325070172

* Echenberg, Myron J, " Black death, white medicine: bubonic plague and the politics of public health in colonial Senegal, 1914-1945 ", pp 141 – 146, Heinemann ( 2002 ), ISBN 0-325-07017-2

Within the bowl created by the ridges of Mow Cop and Biddulph Moor, there are ancient burial mounds ; evidence of the English Civil War ; the bubonic plague ; Black Bull Colliery ; tombs of possible Crusader knights ; an Iron Age fort ; and the site of a meeting of the Methodist movement with the Wesleys.

Septicemic plague was the least common of the three plague varieties that occurred during the Black Death from 1348 to 1350 ( the other two being bubonic plague and pneumonic plague ).

Map showing the spread of bubonic plague in Europe, a process Villani described in detail, noting that the death toll from the Black Death in Florence was not as great as other cities and regions he listed, such as Turkey, Pistoia, Prato, Bologna, Romagna, France, etc.

The outbreak of bubonic plague, or Black Death, also played a devastating role in the decline of the Pax Mongolica.

In 1348, the city was hit by the Black Death – a lethal bubonic plague that ravaged Europe in the mid-14th century.

This had the unintended consequence of increasing the rat population and the spread of the Black Death ( bubonic plague ) and other diseases carried by rodents.

1992 saw the release of Svartedauen ( Norwegian for " The Black Death "), a 38-minute musical description of the ravages of the bubonic plague in Norway around 1349.

The story then expands over the next 6 books to weave a more and more complex web of human history and Airlia influence that results in the unraveling of the ancient mysteries surrounding the pyramids, the Great Sphinx of Giza, Easter Island and its Moai and Rongorongo tablets, the Face on Mars in the Cydonia region, the Great Wall of China, the Foo Fighters, the Roswell UFO incident, the Tunguska event, the Black Death ( also known as the bubonic plague ), the Ark of the Covenant, the Holy Grail, Excalibur, and Stonehenge.

Europe was hit by several waves of Black Death ( often identified as bubonic plague ) throughout the late Middle Ages.

* Some experts believe that the Black Death of the Middle Ages may have been caused by a VHF and not by the bubonic plague.

This episode is considered one of the last outbreaks of the centuries-long pandemic of bubonic plague which began with the Black Death.