Whether it fits significantly better and should thus be preferred is determined by deriving the probability or p-value of the difference D. Where the null hypothesis represents a special case of the alternative hypothesis, the probability distribution of the test statistic is approximately a chi-squared distribution with degrees of freedom equal to df2 − df1.

Whether the absence of vessels in basal angiosperms is a primitive condition is contested, the alternative hypothesis states that vessel elements originated in a precursor to the angiosperms and were subsequently lost.

Whether all of these orders represent relatives of the Passeriformes is uncertain, but not well-supported by more recent data ; however the bulk of evidence supports the hypothesis that most do indeed form a clade that also includes the Passeriformes.

Whether the Clovis culture drove the mammoth, and other species, to extinction via overhunting – the so-called Pleistocene overkill hypothesis – is still an open, and controversial, question.

Poincaré wrote in the sense of his conventionalist philosophy in 1889: " Whether the ether exists or not matters little-let us leave that to the metaphysicians ; what is essential for us is, that everything happens as if it existed, and that this hypothesis is found to be suitable for the explanation of phenomena.

Whether a concept analogous to the principle of internal responsibility operates in a nation's external relations is less obvious and more difficult to establish.

Whether or not Danchin is correct in suggesting that Thompson's resumption of the opium habit also dates from this period is, of course, a matter of conjecture.

Whether it could be as disastrous for American labor as, say, Jimmy Hoffa of the Teamsters, is a matter of conjecture.

Whether it is or not, the propaganda impact on the free world of the document scheduled to be adopted at this meeting will be far less than had been originally anticipated.

Whether or not this is done out of enlightened self-preservation, I don't know.

Whether in his forthcoming book C. P. Snow commits the errors of judgment and of fact with which your heavily autobiographical critic charged him is important.

Whether there were too few automobiles in 1940 or too many now is problematical.

Whether the check is certified or uncertified, the tax is not paid until the check is paid.

Whether considered alone or in relation to other editions, COLH 40 is a document of prime importance.

Whether this abnormal TSH differs chemically from pituitary TSH, or is, alternatively, normal TSH with its period of effectiveness modified by some other blood constituent, cannot be decided without chemical study of the activity in the blood of these patients and a comparison of the substance responsible for the blood activity with pituitary Aj.

Whether or not it is in the industry's interest to allow the basic wage rate to rise obviously depends upon the extent to which the public-limit price rises in response to a basic wage increase, and the relation of this response to the increase in costs accompanying the wage increase.

Whether or not Plato's tale of the lost continent of Atlantis is true, skeptics concede that the myth may have some foundation in a great tsunami of ancient times.

Whether this was a reflection of his age or of the fact that Christie was by now heartily sick of him it is difficult to assess.

Whether this was during one of Poirot ’ s numerous retirements or before she entered his employment is unknown.

Whether he also did in the case of the Mediterranean with the kingdom of Kaptara ( possibly Cyprus ), as claimed in later documents, is more questionable.

Whether this is public or private information should be agreed upon between players before the game begins.

Whether this temple replaced an older one, or a mere sacred precinct or altar, is not known.

Whether or not the original Artistic License is a free software license is largely unsettled.

Whether this whole process resembles animal apoptosis closely enough to warrant using the name apoptosis ( as opposed to the more general programmed cell death ) is unclear.

Whether this is a sufficient basis for anthroposophy to be considered a spiritual science has been a matter of controversy.

Whether or not an object is present in a set ; that is, exists there as a being, is based on universal experience or evidence of it.

Whether IQ tests are an accurate measure of intelligence is debated.

Whether this eroticism is for the viewer or an accurate representation of life is unknown.

Whether this perception is accurate remains a subject of debate ; however, the club's record in recent years has been much improved, having won two and drawn one of its last six Grand Finals.

Whether this report is historically accurate, or merely made up to inflate the reputation of Nobunaga is debatable at this time.

Whether the above details are accurate or not, it is clear that Svein, Olaf the Swede and Eirik had ample reason to oppose Olaf Tryggvason.

Whether they established a base or not, the Dutch were apparently in Fuzhou long enough to be able to make an extraordinarily detailed and accurate survey of the mouth of the Min River and Fuzhou District, as shown on Bellin's 1758 map " Suivant les Hollandois ".

Whether or not this is an accurate account, it indicates that the Khazars saw themselves as fully integrated members of world Jewry.

Whether this report of her trial is accurate, however, is debatable, for the only of account of Anna Trapnell's trial is her own.

Whether they are accurate stories, distortions of actual events, or fabrications is difficult to determine.

Whether the biography of that child prodigy was accurate or not " the Lubeck prodigy " is mentioned in the work.

Whether it was the king's intention to have his son executed as well ( as Voltaire claims ) is not clear.

Whether it was because of the money he had ( most of which was from when he stole part of the ecclesiastic treasury ) or due to Greek influence that wanted to keep him in power for their own gains ( or perhaps a combination of them both ), it is clear that he must have had the support of an influential group to have stayed in power for as long as he did.

Whether this is to happen gradually or suddenly is not made clear in Augustine's work.

Whether there is a connection to the timing of Margaret's death to his living in Matamoros is not clear.

Whether Sigismund voluntarily handed over power to Maximilian or was strongly coerced by the latter is not clear.

Whether they adopted the Achaemenid name, or " Saka " came to be an endonym, it is not clear.

Whether or not Time Lords can recognise each other across regenerations is not made entirely clear:

Whether he arrived with Scipio Aemilianus or was already serving in the demoralized army that Scipio Aemilianus took over at Numantia is not clear.

Whether this was intended as a tax dodge or as an attempt to start his own ' Barry is Also Dead ' rumour never became clear.

Whether the sunrise or sunset is north or south of due east or west is clear from the diagram.

Whether he actually held the doctrine which was afterwards called by that name is not clear.

Whether Hu provided " inspiration " for the PLA on June 4 is a matter of debate, but it was clear that Hu's actions in Lhasa earned him unprecedented attention in the upper echelons of party power, including paramount leader Deng Xiaoping.

Whether Mr. Bean himself is an extraterrestrial is not clear.

Whether he believed the will was free to repent or not repent, or whether he viewed God as inclining the will irresistibly ( as in Calvinist doctrine, where the will of an elect individual is changed by God so that they now desire to repent, thus repenting with their will and not against it, but not being free in whether they choose repentance since they must choose what their will is inclined towards ), is not made clear.

Whether the events which followed were the results solely of the ambition of Maximus, or whether Maximus was himself the tool of others, is not clear.

Whether by demanding the addition or removal of a dance, Reisinger made it clear that he was to be a very large part in the creation of this piece.

Whether there can be a clear delimitation of a white-eye subfamily or even a young or emerging family is a question that requires a more comprehensive study of both this group and Timaliidae to resolve.

Whether that was his own wish is not clear.

Whether or not the formal independence of any of these states was ever officially recognised is not entirely clear.

Whether those include Davinić and Marović, Dinkić was less clear but agreed that " prosecutor's office should go as high up the chain of command as necessary ".

Whether the Salticellinae and the group around Sepedon warrant recognition as additional subfamilies or are better included in the Sciomyzinae proper is likewise not yet entirely clear.

Whether the sibyl in question was the Etruscan Sibyl of Tibur or the Greek Sibyl of Cumæ is not always clear.

Whether these are correctly assigned – meaning that the genus Anser was once much more widespread than today and that it coexisted with Branta in freshwater habitat which it today does only most rarely – is not clear.