In 1917, Mussolini as leader of the Fasci of Revolutionary Action praised the October Revolution that brought Vladimir Lenin and the Bolshevik movement to power in Russia, as Mussolini himself desired a revolution in Italy to bring the Fascists to power.

Russian Bolshevik Joseph Stalin visited the meeting, demanding that the Finnish socialists carry out revolution, and tried to push the Social Democrats forward by promising independence to Finland.

As a result the Unionists were able to gain most of the votes of the middle classes, who now feared Bolshevik revolution, setting the social and geographical electoral pattern in Scotland that would last until the late 20th century.

As with the anarchists, they too saw the Bolshevik take-over of the soviets ( like that of the trade unions ) as subverting the revolution and beginning the restoration of domination and exploitation ... Over the years this emphasis on working class autonomy has resulted in a reinterpretation of Marxist theory that has brought out the two-sided character of the class struggle and shifted the focus from capital ( the preoccupation of orthodox Marxism ) to the workers ... As a result, not only has there been a recognition that capitalism seeks to subordinate everyone's life ( from the traditional factory proletariat to peasants, housewives and students ) but that all those peoples ' struggles involve both the resistance to this subordination and the effort to construct alternative ways of being.

Furthermore, council communists held a critique of the Soviet Union as a capitalist state, believing that the Bolshevik revolution in Russia became a " bourgeois revolution " when a party bureaucracy replaced the old feudal aristocracy.

The failure of revolutions in Germany and Hungary ended Bolshevik hopes for an imminent world revolution and led to promotion of " Socialism in One Country " by Joseph Stalin.

Like Karl Marx, Lenin distinguished between the aspects of a revolution, the " economic campaign " ( labour strikes for increased wages and work concessions ), which featured diffused plural leadership ; and the " political campaign " ( socialist changes to society ), which required the decisive revolutionary leadership of the Bolshevik vanguard party.

Bolshevik emigres briefly poured into Russia to take part in the revolution.

Prior and after the failed revolution, the Bolshevik leadership voluntarily resided in exile to evade Tsarist Russia's secret police, such as Lenin who resided in Switzerland.

In the aftermath of the failed revolution of 1905 – 7, Bolshevik revolutionaries were forced back into exile in 1908 in Switzerland as well as other anti-Tsarist revolutionaries including the Mensheviks, the Socialist Revolutionaries, and anarchists.

Membership in both the Bolshevik and Menshevik ranks diminished from 1907 to 1908 and the number of people taking part in strikes in 1907 was 26 percent of the figure during the year of the revolution in 1905, it dropped in 1908 to 6 percent of that figure, and in 1910 it was 2 percent of that figure.

A key aspect that affected the Bolshevik regime was the backward economic conditions in Russia that were considered unfavourable to orthodox Marxist theory of communist revolution.

The October Revolution (), also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (), Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a seizure of state power leading to a political revolution, It was a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917.

Eisenstein was heavily influenced by the ideology of the 1917 Bolshevik revolution, which results in it providing better insight into the mindset of the later revolution than that which it depicted.

Pale, dirty, with drugged eyes, vulgar, repulsive ..." According to Cornwell, a worrying impression of stereotypical anti-Semitic contempt is discernible in the ' catalogue of epithets describing their physical and moral repulsiveness ' and Pacelli's " constant harping on the Jewishness of this party of power usurpers " chimed with the " growing and widespread belief among Germans that the Jews were the instigators of the Bolshevik revolution, their principal aim being the destruction of Christian civilization ".

In the second revolution, during October, the Provisional Government was removed and replaced with a Bolshevik ( Communist ) government.

Bolshevik revolutionary Leon Trotsky argued that, following a socialist revolution, money could not be arbitrarily abolished.

Council communists described the Soviet Union as a capitalist state, believing that the Bolshevik revolution in Russia became a " bourgeois revolution " when a party bureaucracy replaced the old feudal aristocracy.

While V. I. Lenin was in favor of signing the German peace proposal immediately, a majority of the Bolshevik Central Committee under the leadership of Nikolai Bukharin and Karl Radek believed that Germany, Austro-Hungary Turkey and Bulgaria were all on the verge of a revolution within their borders.

Denounced by other Bolshevik leaders for exceeding his instructions and exposing Bolshevist Russia to the threat of invasion, Trotsky subsequently defended his action on the grounds that the Bolshevik leaders had originally entered the peace talks in the hope of exposing their enemies ' territorial ambitions and rousing the workers of central Europe to revolution in defense of Russia's new workers ' state.

A major event that greatly influenced the development of fascism was the October Revolution of 1917 in which Bolshevik communists led by Vladimir Lenin seized power in Russia.

After the October Revolution, Radek arrived in Petrograd and became Vice-Commisar for Foreign Affairs, taking part in the Brest-Litovsk treaty negotiations, as well as being responsible for the distribution of Bolshevik propaganda amongst German troops and prisoners of war.

Li authored a series of articles in New Youth on the subject of the October Revolution which had just occurred in Russia, during which the communist Bolshevik Party under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin ( 1870 – 1924 ) had seized power.

Bolshevik forces marching in Moscow in 1917, shortly after the October Revolution

Bolshevik Red Guards forces under the Military Revolutionary Committee began the takeover of government buildings on 24 October 1917 ( O. S .).

Another of Eisenstein's films, 1927's October, depicted the Bolshevik perspective on the October Revolution, culminating in the storming of the Winter Palace which provided Soviet viewers with the victory that the workers and peasants lacked in Battleship Potemkin, ending with Lenin ( as played by an unknown worker ) declaring that the government is overthrown.

Eventually, the October Revolution, led by Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Provisional Government and created the world ’ s first socialist state.

* The first period: October 1917 – November 1918, from the Bolshevik Revolution to the First World War ( 1914 – 18 ) Armistice, developed from the Bolshevik government's November 1917 nationalization of traditional Cossack lands.

In the October Revolution ( November in the Gregorian calendar ), the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the workers ' Soviets, overthrew the Provisional Government in St Petersburg.

The Russian Civil War ( 25 October 1917 – October 1922 ) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire fought between the Bolshevik Red Army and the White Army, the loosely allied anti-Bolshevik forces.

In the wake of the October Revolution, the old Russian Imperial Army had been demobilized ; the volunteer-based Red Guard was the Bolsheviks ' main military force, augmented by an armed military component of the Cheka, the Bolshevik state security apparatus.

Despite having been a prominent Old Bolshevik, Zamyatin was deeply disturbed by the policies pursued by the CPSU following the October Revolution.

) – Great October Socialist Revolution: The workers of the Petrograd Soviet in Russia, led by the Bolshevik Party and leader Vladimir Lenin, storm the Winter Palace and successfully destroy the Kerensky Provisional Government, resulting in the first overthrow of capitalism in history.

The Bolshevik party, which eventually became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, took power in Russia after the October Revolution in 1917.

During the October Revolution of 1917, upon the storming of the Winter Palace, the Bolshevik Revolution actually paused for a week or so as the rioters gorged on the substantial stores of cognac and wines.

From 1907 on, English language articles sometimes used the term " Maximalist " for " Bolshevik " and " Minimalist " for " Menshevik ", which proved confusing since there was also a " Maximalist " faction within the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party in 1904 – 1906 ( which after 1906 formed a separate Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists ) and then again after 1917.

* 1917 – World War I: An armistice is reached between the new Bolshevik government and the Central Powers.

** Nazarov was Dictator of the Don Republic ( which before, since its founding on 2 December 1917 at Novocherkassk, had been governed by a Triumvirate including the last pre-Soviet Ataman, Aleksei Maksimovich Kaledin ) from 11 February 1918 till 25 February 1918 when Bolshevik troops ended their existence

After the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, at the age of 22, Vertov began editing for Kino-Nedelya (, the Moscow Cinema Committee's weekly film series, and the first newsreel series in Russia ), which first came out in June 1918.

Władysław Reymont's The Revolt ( 1922 ), a metaphor for the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, described a revolt by animals that take over their farm in order to introduce " equality.

To that end, they had arranged for the safe conduct of Lenin and his comrades from exile in Switzerland to Petrograd in April 1917, and financed the Bolshevik party, believing Lenin to be the most powerful weapon they could use against Russia.

* Annajanska, the Bolshevik Empress ( 1917 )

Among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the Russian Revolution in 1917, Stalin held the position of General Secretary of the party's Central Committee from 1922 until his death.

This state lasted just over two years ( 13 December 1917 to 26 August 1920 ) before surrendering to the Bolshevik authorities, who then sought to preserve Russian control under a new political system.

By the end of 1917, Trotsky was unquestionably the second man in the Bolshevik Party after Lenin, overshadowing the ambitious Zinoviev, who had been Lenin's top lieutenant over the previous decade, but whose star appeared to be fading.

In February 1917, for five years, Leninism was the Russian application of Marxist economics and political philosophy, effected and realised by the Bolshevik party, the vanguard party who led the fight for the political independence of the working class.

Influenced by Lenin, the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party stated that the development of the socialist workers ’ culture should not be ‘ hamstrung from above ’, and opposed the Proletkult ( 1917 – 25 ) organisational control of the national culture.

The period of 1908 to 1917 was one of dissillusionment in the Bolshevik party over Lenin's leadership, with members opposing him for scandals involving his expropriations and methods of raising money for the party.

Initial Bolshevik economic policies from 1917 to 1918 were cautious with limited nationalizations of private property.

* 1917 – Joseph Stalin enters the provisional government of Bolshevik Russia.

He was a member of the Politburo ( 1924 – 1929 ) and Central Committee ( 1917 – 1937 ), chairman of the Communist International ( Comintern, 1926 – 1929 ), and the editor in chief of Pravda ( 1918 – 1929 ), the journal Bolshevik ( 1924 – 1929 ), Izvestia ( 1934 – 1936 ), and the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.

The very first politburo was created in Russia by the Bolshevik Party in 1917 to provide strong and continuous leadership during the Russian Revolution occurring during the same year.