During 1971 and 1972 B evolved into " New B " and then C, with the preprocessor being added in 1972 and early 1973 at the urging of Alan Snyder.

C ++ started as a preprocessor for C and is currently nearly a superset of C.

Many Fortran compilers have integrated subsets of the C preprocessor into their systems.

C preprocessor macros work by simple textual search-and-replace at the token, rather than the character, level.

Meanwhile, macro systems, such as the C preprocessor described earlier, that work at the level of lexical tokens cannot preserve the lexical structure reliably.

Winning entries are awarded with a category, such as " Worst Abuse of the C preprocessor " or " Most Erratic Behavior ", and then announced on the official IOCCC website.

Due to the nature of the contest, entries often employ strange or unusual tricks, such as using the C preprocessor to do things it was not designed to do, or avoiding commonly-used constructs in the C programming language in favor of much more obscure ways of achieving the same thing.

* C and C ++, via the DBC for C preprocessor, GNU Nana, eCv static analysis tool, or the Digital Mars C ++ compiler, via CTESK extension of C. Loki Library provides a mechanism named ContractChecker that verifies a class follows design by contract.

Like C, Verilog is case-sensitive and has a basic preprocessor ( though less sophisticated than that of ANSI C / C ++).

The most common example of this is the C preprocessor, which takes lines beginning with '#' as directives.

C + + C મ ા ટ ે preprocessor તર ી ક ે શર ૂ અન ે હ ા લમ ાં લગભગ સ ી એક superset છ ે

The Secretary of the Treasury, upon the concurrence of the Secretary of State, is authorized and directed, out of the sum covered into the Yugoslav Claims Fund pursuant to subsection ( B ) of this section, after completing the payments of such funds pursuant to subsection ( C ) of this Section, to make payment of the balance of any sum remaining in such fund to the Government of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia to the extent required under Article 1 ( C ) of the Yugoslav Claims Agreement of 1948.

It is agreed that any goods delivered or services rendered after the date of this agreement for projects within categories A, B, and C under paragraph 2 above which may later be approved by the United States will be eligible for financing from currency granted or loaned to the Government of India.

With regard to the rupees accruing to uses indicated under Article 2, of the Agreement, the understanding of the Government of the United States of America, with respect to both paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ) of Article 2, is as follows: ( 1 )

The `` C '' club is composed of the men of the College who have won an official letter in Carleton athletics.

Bar `` C '' is 2-3/4'' '' long.

If A is the major axis of an ellipsoid and B and C are the other two axes, the radius of curvature in the ab plane at the end of the axis Af, and the difference in pressure along the A and B axes is Af.

Since the circulating thyroid hormones are the amino acids thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine ( cf. Section C ), it is clear that some mechanism must exist in the thyroid gland for their release from proteins before secretion.

( C ) if Af is the operator induced on Af by T, then the minimal polynomial for Af is Af.

Consider a simple, closed, plane curve C which is a real-analytic image of the unit circle, and which is given by Af.

On C, from the point P at Af to the point Q at Af, we construct the chord, and upon the chord as a side erect a square in such a way that as S approaches zero the square is inside C.

If the vertex is at Af, and if the interior of C is on the left as one moves in the direction of increasing t, then every such corner can be found from the curve obtained by rotating C clockwise through 90-degrees about the vertex.

With the vertex at Af in the C-plane we assume that Af is the parametric location on C of an ordinary intersection Q between C and Af.

But Af is just the curve Af translated without rotation through a small arc, for Af is always obtained by rotating C through exactly 90-degrees.

Thus if E is sufficiently small, there can be only one intersection of C and Af near Q, for if there were more than one intersection for every E then the difference between C and Af near Q would not be a monotone function.

To mitigate the differences between K & R C and the ANSI C standard, the (" standard c ") macro can be used to split code into ANSI and K & R sections.

There is also a macro plugin which allows users to extend the browser functionality without having to know the C programming language.

Languages such as C and assembly language have rudimentary macro systems, implemented as preprocessors to the compiler or assembler.

In contrast to Lisp's macro system and Perl's blocks, which may contain general computations, C macros are merely string replacements, and do not require code execution.

For example, the macro " CC " is frequently used in makefiles to refer to the location of a C compiler, and the user may wish to specify a particular compiler to use.

Most programmers today who are aware of the term macro have encountered them in C or C ++, where they are a static feature which are built in a small subset of the language, and are capable only of string substitutions on the text of the program.

A program that runs without error under the PL / C compiler should run under PL / I and produce the same results, unless certain incompatible diagnostic features, such as a macro section ( begun by a $ MACRO statement and finished by a $ MEND statement ), were used.

Languages whose ordinary functions are strict but which provide a macro system to build non-strict functions include C, C ++, and Scheme.

In the C Standard Library, the character reading functions such as getchar return a value equal to the symbolic value ( macro ) to indicate that an end-of-file condition has occurred.

As with boolean values, the C standard library includes a macro definition whose use is encouraged.

* In C, macro invocations do not perform type checking, or even check that arguments are well-formed, whereas function calls usually do.

* In C, a macro cannot use the return keyword with the same meaning as a function would do ( it would make the function that asked the expansion terminate, rather than the macro ).

Because the C language does not specify an implicit initialization for objects of automatic storage duration, care should often be taken to ensure that the address to which points is valid ; this is why it is sometimes suggested that a pointer be explicitly initialized to the null pointer value, which is traditionally specified in C with the standardized macro:

For instance, C macros, where macro expansions may result in common subexpressions not apparent in the original source code.

Early contributors included Rick Meyers ( project lead and MPW Shell command interpreter ), Jeff Parrish ( MPW Shell editor ), Dan Smith ( MPW Shell commands ), Ira Ruben ( assembler and many of the tools including Backup, PasMat, and more ), Fred Forsman ( Make, Print, SADE, and assembler macro processor ), Al Hoffman ( Pascal compiler ), Roger Lawrence ( Pascal and C compilers ), Ken Friedenbach ( linker ), Johan Strandberg ( Rez, DeRez, RezDet ), Steve Hartwell ( C libraries ), and Dan Allen ( MacsBug, editor ).

Meaningful policies include: ( A ) kinds of cars the state should own, ( B ) when cars should be traded, ( C ) the need and assignment of vehicles, ( D ) use of cars in lieu of mileage allowances, ( E ) employees taking cars home, and ( F ) need for liability insurance on state automobiles.

and ( C ) to finance, for not more than three years beyond the end of said period, such activities as are required to correlate, coordinate, and round out the results of studies and research undertaken pursuant to this Act: Provided, That funds available in any one year for research and development may, subject to the approval of the Secretary of State to assure that such activities are consistent with the foreign policy objectives of the United States, be expended in cooperation with public or private agencies in foreign countries in the development of processes useful to the program in the United States: And provided further, That every such contract or agreement made with any public or private agency in a foreign country shall contain provisions effective to insure that the results or information developed in connection therewith shall be available without cost to the United States for the use of the United States throughout the world and for the use of the general public within the United States.

There shall be deducted from the amount of each payment made pursuant to subsection ( C ) of Section 8, as reimbursement for the expenses incurred by the United States, an amount equal to 5 per centum of such payment.

Inventory and evaluate wildlife habitat resources in cooperation with other Federal agencies and with the States in which National Forests and Grasslands are located, as a basis for orderly development of wildlife habitat improvement and coordination programs, including ( A ) big-game, gamebird, and small-game habitat surveys and investigations on the 186 million acres of National Forests and Grasslands, ( B ) fishery habitat surveys and investigations on the 81,000 miles of National Forest fishing streams and nearly 3 million acres of lakes and impoundments, and ( C ) participation in planning, inspection, and control phases of all habitat improvement, land and water use projects conducted on National Forest lands by States, other Federal agencies, and private groups to assure that projects will benefit wildlife and be in harmony with other resource values.

With respect to Article 2,, paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ): Uses of Section 104 ( E ) and Section 104 ( G ) rupees: The Government of India will use the amount of rupees granted or loaned to it by the United States pursuant to paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ) for projects to promote economic development with emphasis upon the agricultural sector including food reserve storage structures and facilities as may from time to time be agreed upon by the authorized representatives of the United States and the authorized representatives of the Government of India, in the following sectors: A.

The Government of India further agrees in cooperation with the Government of the United States, to coordinate the use of grant and loan funds provided for in paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ) of Article 2, with such direct dollar assistance as may be made available by the Government of the United States of America, so that both sources of financing may be channeled to specific and clearly identifiable economic development programs and projects.

Local currency will be advanced or reimbursed to the Government of India for financing agreed projects under paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ) of Article 2, of the Agreement upon the presentation of such documentation as the United States may specify.

The Government of India shall maintain or cause to be maintained books and records adequate to identify the goods and services financed for agreed projects pursuant to paragraphs 1 ( B ) and 1 ( C ) of Article 2, of the Agreement, to disclose the use thereof in the projects and to record the progress of the projects ( including the cost thereof ).

Use wooden design head of mold for pattern C ; ;

( B ) Af moves away from C and does not intersect it at all for Af ; ;

( C ) Af cuts across C and there are two ordinary intersections for every T in Af.