In order to meet Norman's hospital bills, in November 2002 Solid Rock Records began releasing the Essential Series on CD-R, a set of seven Norman albums, with 142 songs ( including 16 previously unreleased songs ), which comprised: Instigator, which included rough mix versions of two previously unreleased songs, " Butterfly " and " Kulderachna ", both removed from 1973's So Long Ago the Garden ; Agitator, which included three unreleased bonus tracks, " Sweet Silver Angels ", " God, Part 2 ", and " People In My Past "; Liberator, which included songs that were aimed at " liberating Christians who felt trapped inside the church and also providing a cultural doorway to allow those who felt dismissed and isolated by Christianity to find their way into fellowship with Christ regardless of the church's response toward them "; Collaborator, which featured songs representing " the combined efforts of Charles and Larry from lyrics and melodies to arrangements and production ", including three unreleased songs: " Perfect World ", " Don't Wanna Be Like You ", and " Jesus Is God ", recorded about 2000 ; Emancipator, included two unreleased songs of Norman singing with Randy Stonehill: a Christian version of the folk song " He Was a Friend of Mine ", which had been popularized by The Byrds and Bob Dylan, which was re-titled " He is a Friend of Mine ", and " I Love You ", the song Stonehill and Norman co-wrote in 1971 for Stonehill's Born Twice album ; Infiltrator, which sees love as " the most powerful infiltrator in the world ", is a collection of Norman's love songs, and includes two new releases: a cover of David Noble's " Waves of Grace ", and " Stranger, Won't You Change "; and Survivor, included the full 8-minute version of " Dark Passage ", an unreleased third verse of " Baby Out of Wedlock ", and " One Star Remains ", which is Judee Sill's " My Man On Love " from her 1971 eponymous debut album.

The original Zip drive had a maximum data transfer rate of about 1 megabyte / second ( comparable to 6 × CD-R ; although some connection methods were slower, down to approximately 50 kB / second for maximum-compatibility parallel " nibble " mode ) and a seek time of 28 milliseconds on average, compared to a standard 1. 44 MB floppy's typical 500 kbit / s ( 62. 5 kB / s ) transfer rate and several-hundred millisecond average seek time.

At that point in time although, no company ( not even Sony ) had been successful in creating a CD compatible read-only / read-write format ( equivalent to today's CD-R and CD-RW ).

The first Cex album, Cells, was a compilation of tracks Kidwell had been working on for several years, and was released in 1998 by his own CD-R label, _underscore, while he was still at Dulaney High School in Timonium, Maryland.

It is available as a digital download ( from the band's official website ), but had only a limited physical release of 100 CD-R copies, printed by the band.

The Mount Rainier Format standard and SecurDisc for DVD +/- RW ( which also works on DVD-RAM, CD-R, and CD-RW ) somewhat lessens the DVD-RAM format's perceived advantage in the data integrity category, but not in the data retention or damage protection categories.

CD-R / RWs are available with capacities of 80 minutes of audio or 737, 280, 000 bytes ( 700 MB ), which they achieve by molding the disc at the tightest allowable tolerances specified in the Orange Book CD-R / CD-RW standards.

Because of an almost complete de-emphasis on CD-R and DVD-R distribution, file size standards are less frequently followed.

: The orange book standard references the fact that " Yellow " and " Red " mix to orange ; which means that CD-R and CD-RW is capable of music and data ; although other colors ( other CD standards ) that do not mix are capable of being burned onto the physical medium.

Mount Rainier can be used only with drives that explicitly support it ( a part of SCSI / MMC and can work over ATAPI ), but works with standard CD-R, CD-RW, DVD +/- R and DVD +/- RW media.

* CD-R / CD-RW support

Paul Weil left the band and was replaced by Joe Halladay, and in 2006 Halladay left the band and was replaced by the visual artist Breck Brunson, whose first recorded tracks appeared on a CD-R the band sold during its 2006 U. S. tour in support of Liars.

CD-R retains a high level of compatibility with standard CD readers, unlike CD-RW which can be re-written, but is not capable of playing on many readers.

A standard CD-R is a thick disc made of polycarbonate with a 120 mm ( 4. 7 in ) or 80 mm ( 3. 150 in ) diameter.

This results in most fansubs having similar file sizes: 175 MB, 233 MB, and 350 MB are generally treated as the " standard " sizes for a fansub file because they divide evenly into 700 MB, the size of a typical CD-R. As the price of Hard disk drives have decreased while their storage capacity has increased, modeling fansub filesizes after optical media constraints has become largely unimportant.

The rising popularity and decreasing price of CD-R / CD-RW and DVD +- R / DVD +- RW drives greatly hurt the success of the drive since their price per megabyte was much lower and because these discs could be read in almost any standard ROM drive ( irrespective of format ).

As the VideoNow will not accept standard 8 cm mini-CDs, some creative users have resorted to cutting down standard 12 cm CD-R discs, though not without problems.

Plextor were the producers of the consumer perceived De facto standard for the highest quality optical drives ( mainly CD-R / RW ) in the 1990s.

It was originally developed to store and play back sound recordings only, but the format was later adapted for storage of data ( CD-ROM ), write-once audio and data storage ( CD-R ), rewritable media ( CD-RW ), Video Compact Discs ( VCD ), Super Video Compact Discs ( SVCD ), PhotoCD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced CD.

CD-R recording systems available in 1990 were similar to the washing machine-sized Meridian CD Publisher, based on the two-piece rack mount Yamaha PDS audio recorder costing $ 35, 000, not including the required external ECC circuitry for data encoding, SCSI hard drive subsystem, and MS-DOS control computer.

The dye materials developed by Taiyo Yuden made it possible for CD-R discs to be compatible with Audio CD and CD-ROM discs.

Physically, there is no difference between the discs save for the Disc Application Flag that identifies their type: standalone audio recorders will only accept " music " CD-Rs to enforce the RIAA arrangement, while computer CD-R drives can use either type of media to burn either type of content.

Initially, Sony believed that it would take a decade for CD-R prices to become affordable ( starting at about $ 12 per blank CD-R disk in 1994 ).

But the prices fell very quickly, to the point where CD-R blanks sank below $ 1. 00 by the end of the 1990s, compared to more than $ 2. 00 for similar 80-minute MiniDisc blanks.

The attacker can also easily download large quantities of data onto backup media, for instance CD-R / DVD-R, tape ; or portable devices such as keydrives, digital cameras or digital audio players.

In addition, CPCC also proposed levies of $ 2 to $ 10 for memory cards ( since withdrawn ), 8 cent increases to CD, CD-R Audio, CD-RW Audio and MiniDiscs.

Canada's current private copying levies are as follows: $ 0. 24 per unit for Audio Cassette tape ( 40min or longer ), and $ 0. 29 per unit for CD-R, CD-RW, CD-R Audio, CD-RW Audio and MiniDisc.

In order to write smaller pits onto the recording dye layer a red laser beam with a wavelength of 640 nm ( for general use recordable DVD, versus a wavelength of 780 nm for CD-R ) is used in conjunction with a higher numerical aperture lens.

The album was out-of-print for a long time due to being in " legal limbo ", during which time Houston would sell the album in CD-R format directly through her website.

* Read after write, technologies used for CD-R and CD-RW

Among other things, most motions for summary judgment will require or include: page limits on submissions by counsel ; an instruction to state disputed issues of fact up front ; an instruction to state whether there is a governing case ; an instruction that all summary judgment motions be accompanied by electronic versions ( on a CD-R or DVD-R ), in a chambers-compatible format that includes full pinpoint citations and complete deposition and affidavit excerpts to aid in opinion preparation ; an instruction that all exhibits submitted conform to specific physical characteristics ( i. e. be tabbed with letters or numbers, that pages be sequentially numbered or " Bates-stamped "); an instruction that citations to deposition or affidavit testimony must include the appropriate page or paragraph numbers and that citations to other documents or materials must include pinpoint citations.

The CD and its extensions are successful: in 2004, worldwide sales of CD audio, CD-ROM, and CD-R reached about 30 billion discs.

Analog cassette deck sales were expected to decline rapidly with the advent of the compact disc and other digital recording technologies such as digital audio tape ( DAT ), MiniDisc, and the CD-R recorder drives.

The company's notable products are batteries -- the company's name is a contraction of " maximum capacity dry cell " -- and recording media, including audio cassettes and blank VHS tapes, and recordable optical discs like CD-R / RW and DVD ± RW.

A CD-R recorder included as part of a personal computer would not be a digital audio recording device under the Act, since the personal computer was not marketed primarily for making copies of music.

A transport is a device that handles a particular physical storage medium ( such as magnetic tape, audio CD, CD-R, or other type of recordable media ) itself, and extracts or records the information to and from the medium, to ( and from ) an outboard set of processing electronics that the transport is connected to.

RLV discs, like CRVdisc, are also a WORM technology, and function exactly like a CD-R disc.

Most DVD-R /+ R and some CD-R discs use blue azo dye as the recording layer.

TDK used to manufacture an extensive portfolio of magnetic and optical media, including several formats of videotape and blank CD-R and recordable DVD discs until it licensed the rights to do so to Imation.

* CD-R discs

Mini CD-R, Mini CD-RW: As of 2007, many manufacturers offer 80 mm CD-R and CD-RW discs for sale in retail electronics and office supply stores.

The mini discs, despite having less weight and plastic, are generally more expensive than full size CD-R / CD-RW discs.

The technology is inherited from the ATIP code used on CD-R discs.

CD-R and CD-RW discs, use a frequency modulated wobble of 140. 6 kHz to encode some information, such as Absolute Time in Pregroove ( ATIP ) into the groove.

The first CD-based Mavica ( MVC-CD1000 ), notable also for its 10 × optical zoom, could only write to CD-R discs, but it was able to use its USB interface to read images from CDs not completely written ( CDs with incomplete sessions ).